Black Hole Explosions: Hawking's 1974 Letter to Nature

In summary, in his 1974 letter to Nature, Hawking discusses the possibility of tiny black holes formed by fluctuations in the early Universe. These black holes would have already evaporated by now, with a release of energy equivalent to about 1 million hydrogen bombs. The conversation discusses the idea of generating a black hole in a particle accelerator, but it is concluded that the energy necessary for this is far beyond the reach of current technology. However, there may be possibilities for black hole formation with new physics or extra dimensions.
  • #1
stoomart
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In Hawking's "Black hole explosions?" 1974 letter to Nature, he states:
There might, however, be much smaller black holes which were formed by fluctuations in the early Universe. Any such black hole of mass less than 1015 g would have evaporated by now. Near the end of its life the rate of emission would be very high and about 1030 erg would be released in the last 0.1 s. This is a fairly small explosion by astronomical standards but it is equivalent to about 1 million 1 Mton hydrogen bombs.
My question is: wouldn't it be a terrible idea to generate a black hole of any size in a particle accelerator?

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v248/n5443/abs/248030a0.html
 
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  • #2
You seem to be missing out on the fact that you can never get a black hole evaporation more energetic than whatever you put in the beam.

Any black hole generated would evaporate extremely fast.
 
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  • #3
Orodruin said:
You seem to be missing out on the fact that you can never get a black hole evaporation more energetic than whatever you put in the beam.

Any black hole generated would evaporate extremely fast.
That makes sense. I guess the key from the letter is "released in the last 0.1 s"; the generated black whole would evaporate in an exponentially shorter time than 0.1 s due its trivial mass. Thanks as always.
 
  • #4
stoomart said:
... wouldn't it be a terrible idea to generate a black hole of any size in a particle accelerator?
Yes it would, but a particle accelerator can't produce a black hole of any size.
Tiny ones that are short lived, well maybe.
 
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  • #5
stoomart said:
That makes sense. I guess the key from the letter is "released in the last 0.1 s"; the generated black whole would evaporate in an exponentially shorter time than 0.1 s due its trivial mass. Thanks as always.
Right. It would evaporate within at most a few Planck times.
rootone said:
Yes it would, but a particle accelerator can't produce a black hole of any size.
Tiny ones that are short lived, well maybe.
A "tiny one" is a size I think.
No signs of black holes at the LHC, and theories suggesting that they could be produced were very speculative anyway.
 
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  • #6
The energy necessary to produce a black hole of any size is huge. The smallest possible theoretical mass for a black hole is the Planck mass - 1018 GeV. That is far beyond the reach of any existing, or even imagined, collider.
 
  • #7
Chronos said:
The energy necessary to produce a black hole of any size is huge. The smallest possible theoretical mass for a black hole is the Planck mass - 1018 GeV. That is far beyond the reach of any existing, or even imagined, collider.
If there is no new physics below the Planck scale. Extra dimensions or other additional things could make the Planck scale much lower, and allow black hole formation with a few TeV - in the range of the LHC.
 
  • #8
Agreed, my observations are constrained to physics as currently known.
 

FAQ: Black Hole Explosions: Hawking's 1974 Letter to Nature

1. What is the significance of Hawking's 1974 letter to Nature regarding black hole explosions?

Hawking's letter was significant because it proposed that black holes are not completely black, but instead emit a type of radiation now known as Hawking radiation. This challenged previous beliefs about black holes being completely devoid of any form of radiation.

2. How does Hawking radiation cause black hole explosions?

Hawking radiation is caused by virtual particle pairs being created on the edge of a black hole's event horizon. One particle falls into the black hole while the other escapes, carrying away energy. As this process continues, the black hole loses mass and eventually can "evaporate" or explode.

3. Can black hole explosions be observed?

Due to the immense distance and gravitational pull of black holes, it is currently not possible to directly observe a black hole explosion. However, scientists have observed the effects of Hawking radiation and studied its implications on black hole dynamics.

4. How does Hawking's theory impact our understanding of black holes?

Hawking's theory of black hole explosions has fundamentally changed our understanding of these mysterious objects. It provided a way for black holes to lose mass and eventually "die", contrary to previous beliefs that they were eternal and unchanging. It also opened up new avenues for studying the relationship between gravity and quantum mechanics.

5. What are the current research and developments surrounding black hole explosions?

Scientists are continuing to study the implications of Hawking's theory and are also trying to find ways to observe and detect Hawking radiation from black holes. Additionally, there are ongoing efforts to better understand the nature of black holes and their role in the universe, including their potential connection to dark matter and the possibility of using them as a source of energy.

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