Water pressure is the force that a volume of water exerts on its surroundings. It is caused by the weight of the water and is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or newtons per square meter (N/m2).
Water pressure is created by gravity, as the weight of the water pushes down on anything below it. When water is contained in a closed system, such as pipes, the pressure increases as the water moves through the system due to the resistance of the pipes. This is known as static pressure.
The main factors that affect water pressure are the height of the water source, the amount of water in the system, the size and material of the pipes, and any obstructions or changes in elevation in the system. Changes in these factors can cause fluctuations in water pressure.
Water pressure is typically measured using a pressure gauge, which is attached to a faucet or other water outlet. The gauge will display the pressure in units such as psi or bar. There are also specialized tools, such as manometers, that can measure water pressure in more detail.
Some common problems with water pressure include low pressure, which can be caused by leaks, clogs, or problems with the water source; high pressure, which can damage pipes and appliances; and fluctuations in pressure, which can be caused by changes in demand or issues with the water system.