(kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) solution for a free particle with PBC?

In summary, the conversation discussed the differences between Dirichlet and periodic boundary conditions and their implications for the wavefunction. While a zero energy solution is possible with a Dirichlet boundary, it is not normalizable. However, with periodic boundary conditions, a non-trivial solution with a constant term is possible. This constant term is not strange and does not indicate the presence of a momentum operator.
  • #1
Coffee_
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When dealing with Dirichlet boundary conditions, that is asking for the wavefunction to be exactly zero at the boundaries, it can be clearly seen that (0,0,0) is not a physical situation as it is not normalizable. (Wavefunction becomes just 0 then)

However when dealing with periodic boundary conditions, the basis is spanned by ##e^{i\vec{k}.\vec{r}}## where the only condition on ##\vec{k}## is that it has to correspond with ##L^{3}## cubic periodicity.

The problem now is that ##\vec{k}=0## does seem to give a non trivial solution with zero energy ##\Psi=constant## which is periodic and noralizable.

How do I interpret this werid 'constant' term in the general wavefunction part?

Sources:

Kittel eigth edition, p137

http://people.umass.edu/bvs/pbc.pdf
 
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  • #2
Why do you think it is weird?
 
  • #3
To the contrary, it's not weird, but it's weird to think that with the Dirichlet boundary conditions you'd have a momentum operator. There is none, because there is no self-adjoint operator generating translations in this case. We have discussed this many times in this forum. Just search for it!
 
  • #4
Oh I was thinking it was weird because I have never encountered such an extra constant term in the wavefunction so I was doubting my reasoning to arrive at the extra constant term. Based on your reactions I see that there is indeed nothing special about it, thanks.
 

Related to (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) solution for a free particle with PBC?

What is the meaning of (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) in the context of a free particle with PBC?

The values (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) represent the momentum of a free particle in three-dimensional space. In this case, the particle has zero momentum in all three directions.

What does PBC stand for in relation to a free particle?

PBC stands for periodic boundary conditions. This means that the system is assumed to repeat itself periodically, creating a "box" in which the particle can move.

Why is the solution (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) significant for a free particle with PBC?

The solution (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) is significant because it represents the lowest energy state of the particle. This means that the particle is at rest and has no kinetic energy.

How does the (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) solution relate to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that the more precisely we know the position of a particle, the less precisely we know its momentum. In the case of the (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) solution, the particle has a well-defined position (at the origin) and therefore, its momentum is completely uncertain.

Can a free particle with PBC have a non-zero value of (kx,ky,kz) other than (0,0,0)?

Yes, a free particle with PBC can have non-zero values of (kx,ky,kz). These solutions correspond to different energy states of the particle and are known as "plane waves". However, the (kx,ky,kz)=(0,0,0) solution is the lowest energy state and therefore, the most likely state for the particle to be in.

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