Bounded Definition and 537 Threads

In functional analysis, a bounded linear operator is a linear transformation



L
:
X

Y


{\displaystyle L:X\to Y}
between topological vector spaces (TVSs)



X


{\displaystyle X}
and



Y


{\displaystyle Y}
that maps bounded subsets of



X


{\displaystyle X}
to bounded subsets of



Y
.


{\displaystyle Y.}

If



X


{\displaystyle X}
and



Y


{\displaystyle Y}
are normed vector spaces (a special type of TVS), then



L


{\displaystyle L}
is bounded if and only if there exists some



M
>
0


{\displaystyle M>0}
such that for all



x


{\displaystyle x}
in



X
,


{\displaystyle X,}


The smallest such



M
,


{\displaystyle M,}
denoted by




L

,


{\displaystyle \|L\|,}
is called the operator norm of



L
.


{\displaystyle L.}

A linear operator that is sequentially continuous or continuous is a bounded operator and moreover, a linear operator between normed spaces is bounded if and only if it is continuous.
However, a bounded linear operator between more general topological vector spaces is not necessarily continuous.

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  1. D

    Prove that the closure of a bounded set is bounded.

    Homework Statement Prove that if S is a bounded subset of ℝ^n, then the closure of S is bounded. Homework Equations Definitions of bounded, closure, open balls, etc. The Attempt at a Solution See attached pdf.
  2. S

    Proving that a set is not bounded from above.

    Homework Statement Prove that if a is a real number, a > 1, then the set {a, a^2, a^3, ...} is not bounded from above. Hint: First find a positive integer n such that a > 1 + 1/n and prove that a^n > (1 + 1/n)^n >/= 2. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Showing that...
  3. O

    Multiple integrals: Find the volume bounded by the following surfaces

    Homework Statement Find the volume bounded by the following surfaces: z = 0 (plane) x = 0 (plane) y = 2x (plane) y = 14 (plane) z = 10x^2 + 4y^2 (paraboloid) Homework Equations The above.The Attempt at a Solution I think it has something to do with triple integrals? But...
  4. D

    Can a topologically bounded set in a tvs contain a ray?

    Pretty much what the title says. Suppose we have a topological vector space $(X,\tau)$ and $U\subseteq X$ is topologically bounded. Is it possible for there to be some $x\in X$ such that $cx\in U$ for arbitrarily large $c$? I'm thinking of a real vector space here. If we try to prove...
  5. C

    MHB Is it possible to show this expression is positive and bounded between 0 and 1?

    Hi all, I am working with some beta functions. I want to show that the following is positive and bounded between 0 and 1. Is it possible to show this? $$ \frac{ \frac{B( a + b , \frac{2}{ c} )}{B(a, \frac{2}{c}) } - \big\{\frac{B( a + b , \frac{1}{ c} )}{B(a, \frac{1}{c}) }\big\}^{2} }{...
  6. Y

    Convergence and Uniform Convergence of Sequences of Functions

    Homework Statement fn is a sequence of functions and sn is a sequence of reals such that 0 ≤ fn(x) ≤ sn for all x. I want to show that if \sum_{k=0}^{n}s_k is Cauchy then \sum_{k=0}^{n}f_k is uniformly Cauchy and that if \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}s_k converges then \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}f_k converges...
  7. PhizKid

    Finding area between two bounded curves

    Homework Statement f(x) = (x^3) + (x^2) - (x) g(x) = 20*sin(x^2) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I found the zeroes of the two functions at 4 intersections, and then the zeroes of each function respectively (there's 3 for f(x) and 4 for g(x) between -3 and 3), for certain...
  8. R

    Area bounded by Curves Integration Question

    Homework Statement Find the region bounded by the two functions from y=0 to y=2 equations given: x=(y-1)2 -1 x=(y-1)2 +1 express x as a function of y and integrate it with respect to y Homework Equations equations given: x=(y-1)2 -1 x=(y-1)2 +1 The Attempt at a Solution...
  9. T

    Closed and bounded in relation to compact

    So this is more so a general question and not a specific problem. What exactly is the diefference between closed and boundedness? So the definition of closed is a set that contains its interior and boundary points, and the definition of bounded is if all the numbers say in a sequence are...
  10. P

    Quantum Mechanics Test Questions bounded states

    Hello, I need help with 2 homework questions: Also this question:
  11. STEMucator

    Proving integration for a bounded increasing function

    Homework Statement Suppose that f is a bounded, increasing function on [a,b]. If p is the partition of [a,b] into n equal sub intervals, compute Sp - sp and hence show f is integrable on [a,b]. What can you say about a decreasing function?Homework Equations We partition [a,b] into...
  12. N

    Find the exact volume of a bounded surface. Multiple Integrals.

    1. Ok, so the question is.. Find the exact volume of the solid bounded above by the surface z=e^{-x^2-y^2}, below by the xy-plane, and on the side by x^2+y^2=1. 2. Alright. So, I know that I can use a double integral to find the volume, and switching to polar coordinates would be simpler...
  13. D

    The circle as a set closed and bounded

    Hi guys, I would like to understand why a circle (and in general a n-sphere) as a subset of R^2 (in general R^(n+1)) with the standard topolgy is considered a closed and a bounded set. I think that this can be a closed set because its complement (the interior of the circle and the rest of...
  14. O

    MHB Bounded Set with Two Limit Points

    Hello everyone! I'm asked to find a set that is bounded and that has exactly two limit points, now this is how I am thinking. Consider the set $A_n = [0,\frac{1}{n}) \cup(2-\frac{1}{n},2]$, if $A_1 = [0,1)\cup(1,2]$, $A_2=[0,1/2)\cup (3/2,2]$. If I let $n$ grow indefinitely, I will have only...
  15. K

    Example of a bounded, increasing, discontinuous function

    Homework Statement Define a function f:ℝ->ℝ that is increasing, bounded, and discontinuous at every integer. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I've tried defining a fuction using the greatest integer function but I cannot get it to be bounded with jump discontinuities...
  16. L

    MHB Find the Volume of Rotated Shaded Region Bounded by y=x^2+1, y=5, and y-axis

    In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the parabola y = x2 + 1, the y-axis and the line y = 5. Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is rotated about the y-axis. Got no diagram but limits will be 2-0 coz its on right side
  17. X

    Extrema of two-variable function in bounded region

    Homework Statement Find absolute maxima and minima of the function in the given region: T(x,y) = x2 + xy + y2 - 6x Region: Rectangular plate given by: 0 ≤ x ≤ 5, -3 ≤ y ≤ 3 Homework Equations First derivative test, fx =0, fy = 0 Second derivative test, fxxfyy - fxy2 = ? The...
  18. countzander

    Find the global max/min for z=xy^2 - 5 on the region bounded by y=x

    Find the global max/min for z=xy^2 - 5 on the region bounded by y=x and y=1-x^2 in the xy-plane.
  19. M

    How to prove something is closed and bounded, ie compact

    Homework Statement I need to prove that a closed ball(radius r about x0) is closed and bounded. The same goes for a sphere(radius r about x0). Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution How does one go about proving something is closed and bounded? My book is not very helpful...
  20. H

    Bound Function: Showing Continuity at All x ≠ 2 & x = 2

    (a) Show that the function g(x) =[3 + sin(1/x-2)]/[1 + x^2] is bounded. This means to find real numbers m; M is an lR such that m ≤ g(x) ≤ M for all x is an lR (and to show that these inequalities are satisfied!). (b) Explain why the function: f(x) = { [x-2] [3 + sin(1/x-2)]/[1 + x^2] ...
  21. M

    Spivak's proof of A closed bounded subset of R^n is compact

    Spivak's proof of "A closed bounded subset of R^n is compact" Hi guys, I'm currently taking a differential geometry course and decided I would read Spivak's Calculus on Manifolds, and then move on to his Differential Geometry series. There's a proof in here that feels unjustified to me, so...
  22. O

    Metric Spaces of Bounded Sequences

    I was attempting to find a counterexample to the problem below. I think I may have, but was ultimately left with more questions than answers. Consider the space, L, of all bounded sequences with the metric \rho_1 \displaystyle \rho_1(x,y)=\sum\limits_{t=1}^{\infty}2^{-t}|x_t-y_t| Show that a...
  23. H

    Prove that if A is contained in some closed ball, then A is bounded.

    Homework Statement Let M be a metric space and A\subseteqM be any subset: Prove that if A is contained in some closed ball, then A is bounded. Homework Equations Def of closed-ball: \bar{B}R(x) = {y\inM:d(x,y)≤R} for some R>0 Def of bounded: A is bounded if \existsR>0 s.t. d(x,y)≤R...
  24. H

    Is A Bounded by a Closed Ball?

    Prove that the following are equivalent: a) A is bounded, b) A is "in" a closed ball Homework Statement The full problem is: Let M be a metric space an A\subseteqM be any subset. Prove that the following are equivalent: a)A is bounded. b)A is contained in some closed ball c)A is contained in...
  25. Ryuzaki

    Bounded Sequence: Thomas-Finney Definition Explained

    Thomas-Finney defines a bounded sequence as follows: - A sequence an is said to be bounded if there exists a real number M such that |an| ≤ M for all n belonging to natural numbers. This is equivalent to saying -M ≤ an ≤ M So, if all terms of a sequence lies between, say -1 and 1, i.e...
  26. F

    Finding the volume inside a cone bounded by the edge of a sphere

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the region D in R^3 which is inside the sphere x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 4 and also inside the cone z = sqrt (x^2 + y^2) Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So I decided that the best approach might be finding the area under the sphere and...
  27. H

    Range must be bounded by constant expressions

    Homework Statement logic [4:0]counter; logic [WORD_W-1:0] mdr_rite_[counter]; //range must be bounded by constant expressions logic [WORD_W-OP_W-1:0] mar_rite_[counter]; //range must be bounded by constant expressions always_ff@(posedge clock, negedge n_reset) begin if (!n_reset)...
  28. X

    Finding the Area Between Two Graphs

    Homework Statement f(x)=x2-1 and f(x)=2x+2 Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Points of intersection are -1 and 3. So you integrate using those as upper and lower and plug it in and subtract, right? But I get 0 for each. So nothing to subtract and 0 is not the correct...
  29. F

    Setting up Triple Integrals over a bounded region

    Homework Statement Set up triple integrals for the integral of f(x,y,z)=6+4y over the region in the first octant that is bounded by the cone z=(x^2+y^2), the cylinder x^2+y^2=1 and the coordinate planes in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates. Homework Equations...
  30. F

    Volume of a region bounded by a surface and planes

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the region bounded by the cylinder x^2 + y^2 =4 and the planes z=0, and x+z=3. Homework Equations V = ∫∫∫dzdxdy V=∫∫∫rdrdθ The Attempt at a Solution Alright, so I feel as though I'm missing a step somewhere along the way, but here's what I've gotten...
  31. S

    MHB To prove a series of function is bounded

    Q. If each individual function is bounded and if \(f_n\longrightarrow f \) uniformly on S, then prove that {fn} is uniformly bounded on S. Proof : Since each fn is bounded implies \(f_n \leq M_n\) \(\Longrightarrow f_1\leq M_1, f_2 \leq M_2​,\) and so on If M = max {M1, M2,...Mn } then each term...
  32. D

    Does A Finite Integral Over The Plane Imply A Function Is Bounded?

    Suppose I have a C∞ function, which I wish to prove attains its maximum/minimum. First I must prove that the function is bounded at all. If I determine R, the region (of the plane in this case) where the function is strictly positive, and integrate over R to find a finite answer, can I say the...
  33. T

    Triple Integrals: Finding Mass of a Bounded Solid

    Homework Statement Find the mass of a solid of constant density that is bounded by the parabolic cylinder x=y2 and the planes x=z, z=0, and x=1. The Attempt at a Solution https://dl.dropbox.com/u/64325990/Photobook/Photo%202012-06-07%202%2033%2024%20PM.jpg I first drew some diagrams to...
  34. S

    Spherical limits of integration for a region bounded by a cone and a praboloid

    Hi everybody, I am trying to solve the following problem and I get stuck on the last question. I would appreciate a lot that someone helps me . Here is the problem: Let D be the region bounded from below by the cone z= the root of (x^2 + z^2), and from above by the paraboloid z = 2 – x^2 –...
  35. S

    A compact, bounded, closed-range operator on a Hilbert space has finite rank

    Homework Statement Let H be an \infty-dimensional Hilbert space and T:H\to{H} be an operator. Show that if T is compact, bounded and has closed range, then T has finite rank. Do not use the open-mapping theorem. Let B(H) denote the space of all bounded operators mapping H\to{H}, K(H) denote...
  36. E

    Is the subset G totally bounded? - Proving or disproving using relevant theorems

    Homework Statement Let G = { f \in C[0,1] : ^{0}_{1}\int|f(x)|dx \leq 1 } Endowed with the metric d(f,h) = ^{0}_{1}\int|f(x)-h(x)|dx. Is G totally bounded? Prove or provide counterexample 2. Relevant Theorems Arzela-Ascoli Theorem, Theorems relating to compactness, equicontinuity etc...
  37. K

    Set Up Double Integral to find Vol. Solid, Bounded by Graphs

    Homework Statement ...Bounded by graphs of equations: z=xy, z=0, y=x, x=1 I don't know what z=xy is. The rest of boundaries are clear. I assume that when y=1 and x=1, z=1. But, is this a z=1 plane? Check my figure attached. Thank you. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  38. Rasalhague

    Proof that Compact Subset of Metric Space is Bounded

    Compact --> bounded In lecture 8 of Francis Su's Real Analysis online lecture series, he has a proof that a compact subset of a metric space is bounded: Given a metric space (X,d), if A is a compact subset of X, then every open cover of A has a finite subcover. Let B be a set of open balls of...
  39. D

    Proving Boundedness of Operator T in L^p(-2,2)

    Homework Statement The operator T maps from L^p(-2,2)\rightarrow L^p(-2,2) is defined (Tf)(x) = f(x) x Show that the operator maps from L^p(-2,2) into the same. Homework Equations p is a natural from 1 to infinity. Holders inequality Substitution integrals The Attempt at a Solution I look at...
  40. C

    Evaluate the integral inside domain V, where V is bounded by the planes

    1. Evaluate the integral ∫VxdV inside domain V, where V is bounded by the planes x=0, y=x, z=0, and the surface x2+y2+z2=1 Answer given: 1/8 - √2/16 (which is NOT what I got.. ) 2. The attempt at a solution Ok, it's a triple integral, I know this. ∫dx runs from 0 to 1 ∫dy...
  41. M

    Find the volume of the region bounded by parabolic cylinder and planes

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the solid bounded by the parabolic cylinder y = x^2 and the planes z = 3-y and z = 0Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Obviously, a triple integral must be used in the situation. Our professor never explained how to find the limits of...
  42. K

    Is Limsup xk < ∞ if and only if the sequence {xk} is bounded above?

    Claim (?): limsup xk < ∞ k->∞ IF AND ONLY IF the sequence {xk} is bounded above. Does anyone know if this is true or not? (note that the claim is "if and only if") If it is true, why? Thanks!
  43. S

    Find the volume of the region bounded by the planes (Multiple Integration).

    Homework Statement Find the volume of the region bounded by the planes 7x + 6y + 8z = 9, y = x, x = 0, z = 0. Homework Equations Multiple integration. The Attempt at a Solution My attempt at a solution is attached. To test, I computed the answer with Wolfram Alpha which yielded an...
  44. B

    Show f is continuous if the range of f is a bounded interval

    Homework Statement Show that if f: [a,b]→Re is increasing and the range of f is a bounded interval then f is continuous. Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I have no idea where to start, but I decided to start with a couple of things. Proof: Let f: [a,b]→Re...
  45. K

    Prove f is bounded on A using uniform continuity

    Homework Statement Prove that if F is uniformaly continuous on a bounded subset of ℝ, then F is bounded on A. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution F is uniformaly continuous on a bounded subset on A in ℝ. Therefore each ε>0, there exists δ(ε)>0 st. if x, u is in A where...
  46. S

    Complex polynomial properties when bounded (Liouville theorem)

    Homework Statement Suppose f is differentiable in \mathbb{C} and |f(z)| \leq C|z|^m for some m \geq 1, C > 0 and all z \in \mathbb{C} , show that; f(z) = a_1z + a_2 z^2 + a_3 z^3 + ... a_m z^m Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I can't seem to show this. It does the proof...
  47. L

    Weakly convergent sequences are bounded

    Homework Statement I would like to show that a weakly convergent sequence is necessarily bounded. The Attempt at a Solution I would like to conclude that if I consider a sequence {Jx_k} in X''. Then for each x' in X' we have that \sup|Jx_k(x')| over all k is finite. I am not sure why...
  48. S

    Calculate Volume of Region Rotated About x-axis: x^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1

    1. The region bounded by the given curves is rotated about the specific axis. Find the volume of the resulting solid by any method (disc or shell). 2. x^2 + (y-1)^2 = 1 3. This is my first time posting up a homework question, so I apologize if I didn't get the notation down...
  49. N

    Function bounded on [a,b] with finite discontinuities is Riemann integrable

    Homework Statement to prove that a function bounded on [a,b] with finite discontinuities is Riemann integrable on [a,b] Homework Equations if f is R-integrable on [a,b], then \forall \epsilon > 0 \exists a partition P of [a,b] such that U(P,f)-L(P,f)<\epsilon The Attempt at a...
  50. N

    Center of Mass bounded by Equations

    Homework Statement I have equations that are y1= 2sin(\frac{3}{2}x) and y2= \frac{1}{3}x the point where they intersect is called "a" (about x≈1.88). Find the center of mass where M is the total mass of the object.Homework Equations xcm= \frac{1}{M}∫x dM The Attempt at a Solution I found...
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