Circuits Definition and 1000 Threads

Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is currently the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and vehicles must conform. The F1 World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, usually held on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets. The results of each race are combined to determine two annual championships, one for drivers (World Drivers' Championship), and one for constructors (World Constructors' Championship).This list is for the circuits that hosted World Championship races from 1950 until now. The terms "Formula One race" and "World Championship race" were not always synonymous throughout history – see Formula One#Distinction between Formula One and World Championship races for a detailed explanation.

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  1. R

    Do circuits built using PCB and using bread board perform the same?

    I want to build a EEG and the site tells me to buy a PCB from some manufacturer. Will my product have competent performance if built with breadboard? What is so special about PCB？
  2. I

    Formula for ripple factor in filter circuits

    i have come across two different formulas for ripple factor: One is r= (Vrpp/Vdc), where Vdc is the dc voltage of the output and Vrpp is the peak to peak ripple voltage. My professor uses this formula and I have also seen it being used in basic electronics by Floyd Another one is r= Vrms/Vdc...
  3. A

    Have the Currents Been Labelled Correctly?

    Homework Statement Linked below is a rough picture of the circuit for which I need to find the currents. https://docs.google.com/drawings/pub?id=1jY6r1yjOf9OG5VixjZKcQbG2rj-ZQ7LZzaybGzkjva0&w=960&h=720 Homework Equations Kichhoff's Laws, Ohm's Law. The Attempt at a Solution...
  4. T

    TTL Gate Circuits: Unconnected Inputs Logic Level HIGH?

    Why do TTL integrated circuits assume unconnected inputs to be at logic level HIGH? Does the answer lie in the circuitry itself or some other factor?
  5. H

    Very Naïve Question About Electric Circuits

    Hi all, I’m deeply ignorant about how electricity works. I just wanted to confirm that the following was possible: I have a button on one end of a wire. The wire stays unified for about 3 feet, then forks into a right section and a left section, each of which is about 3 feet long, and...
  6. D

    Engineering Electrical engineering hw/Resistive Circuits

    Homework Statement Im having trouble figuring out these two problems from my home work I've been working on them for 3 hours can anyone give me some insight? Homework Equations If the second problem is unclear, F(s) is (3s+4) divided by s(s+2). Attached is the home work
  7. M

    Building Circuits & Capacitor Direction

    I have a 12 volt transformer (120v in) that I'm trying to use with low current devices (LM386 amp). My question is when I use my meter to read amperage or voltage I'm fully loading the circuit so I get like 2 amps across my resistors and capacitors. I don't need anywhere near this amount...
  8. T

    Engineering Having Trouble Solving Circuits Questions? Get Help Here!

    I am having problems in solving two questions belonging to Circuits. Question 1 can be found at the link given below: https://picasaweb.google.com/116360607158194937783/RandomPictures#slideshow/5765362642755310706 Given is a circuit having a pulsed aperiodic wave pattern, Vi. To be plotted are...
  9. B

    Engineering Navigating the Future of Circuits: Choosing an Engineering Path

    Hi, I'm planning to become an engineer and so far have narrowed my choices down to mechanical, electrical, or computer engineering. I do personal projects on my own time mostly involving circuits, but lately I have been troubled by the news of light replacing electricity in circuits(though I...
  10. G

    Basic electric circuits concept help required

    I'm reading a tutorial about the basics of circuits and I don't understand this concept. In the three last circuit diagrams in the link located below, there is a break in each of the circuits. The ends of the breaking points are labeled + and -, but how can that be? My thoughts: If there...
  11. Y

    Question regarding the electrical signal traveling in circuits.

    This is actually a continuation of another thread here: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=618868 I don't want to hijack that thread. But that thread make me think about how the signal travel. Let's consider a pcb trace on top of a ground plane...which is microstrip. EM wave...
  12. V

    Physics 117 problem about circuits and bulbs

    [b]1. In the circuit shown below, describe what happens to the brightness of bulbs A and B when the switch is closed. Explain your reasoning. (no other information is given, just asking about the relative brightness of each bulb)  In the circuit, with the switch open, you have a loop with a...
  13. S

    Tricky wording in electrical circuits question

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution When it says, without changing the circuit, does it mean adding something else that is extra or does that mean i have to solve it without closing the switch?
  14. I

    Question about the sign of output voltage in clipper circuits

    I have attached an image of a clipper circuit below. First Question: When the sinusoidal input is positive or negative, how do i know how to label it in the
  15. L

    Power Dissipated for 2 different circuits

    Part A: For what ratio of R1 and R2 would power dissipated by the resistor of resistance R2 be the same for circuit A and circuit B? current for R2 of circuit A is (2EMF)/(2R1+R2) current for R2 of circuit B is (EMF)/[(R1^2/2R1) + R2) Part B: Under which of the following conditions would power...
  16. P

    Engineering Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

    Homework Statement Consider this circuit. Find the Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits (just need the 1st one). Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My attempt: Can someone check? Thanks a lot!
  17. R

    Understanding Charger Circuits and Diode Voltage Drop

    Dear Experts I just connect a diode to a battery rated at 4.2 volts. The diode takes about 0.8volts ( i thought should be 0.7v but measurement says 0.8v) and the battery is currently at 3.12v. The supply voltage is 5v dc. After some time, if the battery reaches 4.2v, would current...
  18. B

    Best Book in Microelectronics: Gray-Hurst-Lewis-Meyer or Sedra-Smith?

    What do you think is the best book in Microelectronics between these two: Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits - Gray,Hurst,Lewis,Meyer https://www.amazon.com/dp/0471321680/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Microelectronic Circuits - Sedra,Smith...
  19. ME_student

    Electrical Circuits 1 and Electrical Circuits 2

    What exactly do they teach in these classes? My second year I will be taking these classes, heard these are some hard classes. Anyone on this forum ever taken these classes?
  20. R

    Why does voltage drop as circuits are energized

    Electrical question: I live in Mexico ( retired ex-pat ) and my electrical supply ( 240 volt single phase ) comes through a transformer that is almost 1 km away from my house. The supply lines are 2-0 aluminum. Because of the distance and from usage by others on the line, the voltage is...
  21. S

    Circuits with Series and Parallel Wiring

    I attached the problem. I'm pretty confused. I remember the equations for parallel and series circuits, but I have no idea how to do this. I attempted, but failed. I know the two 10 ohm resistors are in parallel (so Rnet is 5), and the 20 ohm and the 6 ohm resistor are in series (So Rnet is 26)...
  22. T

    Looking for sites to get circuits, relays, ect

    Hello all, I am looking for a site that will have A LOT of builder circuits boards and electrical components. I want to build projects and have nothing in mind but I would love to start a few projects. Any help would be greatly appreciated.
  23. C

    Beginner/Novice Circuits - Seeking Suggestions

    My apologies if this has been asked before... I am looking for some beginner/novice level books that would both show the fundamental theories and also some example circuits to go along with the theory. Could anyone suggest a few titles that would actually be worth reading and using a...
  24. P

    Energy in AC Circuits: No Frequency Involved

    Given that: E = hν where E = energy of a photon h = Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10-34 J·s ν = frequency Why is it that the energy (electromagnetic waves) in AC electrical circuits does not include frequency as part of the formula? eg. \begin{array}{l} P =...
  25. C

    Trying to get back into the swing of circuits

    Hello, I realize this may appear as homework but I assure you that it is not for school. However i am new to the site so please let me know if i interpreted the rules wrong. I'm a mechanical EIT whose electrical engineering education ended in about second year when general studies were...
  26. S

    How Do You Calculate the Phase Angle in an LCR Circuit?

    Homework Statement A resistor (R), capacitor (C), and inductor (L) are connected in series. What is the complex impedance, Z, of this LCR series combination? An AC supply of voltage V(t)=V0eiωt is applied across an LCR series combination. Derive an expression for the current I(t) in the...
  27. N

    Calculating Wattage Rating in Series/Parallel Circuits

    Homework Statement When calculating wattage rating, if you have resistors in both a series and in parallel circuits can you still use P = V2/R to solve for the wattage rating over each resistor if you're given the voltage of the battery or do you have to calculate the voltage drop after each...
  28. R

    Multiple inductor or capacitor RLC circuits

    So I know that the equation for the natural frequency of an RLC circuit is: ω0=(LC)-1/2 I'm just wondering how this would change for a circuit with more than one inductor or capacitor. Say for instance an inductor in parallel with a capacitor, both connected in series to another inductor...
  29. R

    Multi inductor or capacitor RLC circuits

    So I know that the equation for the natural frequency of an RLC circuit is: ω0=(LC)-1/2 I'm just wondering how this would change for a circuit with more than one inductor or capacitor. Say for instance an inductor in parallel with a capacitor, both connected in series to another inductor...
  30. P

    Branch Circuits: What is and isn't?

    I'm evaluating an electrical enclosure for a power-plant. Power plants are not required to follow CSA standards, however this electrical enclosure does anyway. Upstream of the enclosure is a rated breaker, and this is what is currently defined as the 'branch.' However, inside of the enclosure...
  31. R

    Programs EE Majors: Should I take Electric Circuits or Digital Logic?

    I'll be taking a heavy workload of classes next semester. This will be the first time I'll be taking all technical classes. To ease my transition, should I take electric circuits or digital logic? What is the general consensus in terms of which one of these classes is more difficult?
  32. E

    Creating a signal amplifier using circuits

    Let's say I lived in a big house, and in my big house I had a wifi connection that was fairly weak. So weak, that inside of my room I would only receive one bar of signal. How would I design a circuit that would catch the wifi signal, amplify that signal, and rebroadcast it inside of my room...
  33. A

    RC circuits and potential difference

    Homework Statement Circuit is at this link: http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys1120/phys1120_sp08/hws/capa8_figs/gian1946.gif 1. What is the potential at point a with S open (let V=0 at the negative terminal of the source, and assume it's a long time after the circuit was connected to the...
  34. J

    Increase Output Voltage of Solar Cells

    I am helping my son do a project. We would like to know how to increase the output voltage. For example we have three 6 volt 50ma cells and would like to make 18 volts
  35. M

    Voltage and Current Behavior in Parallel Circuits

    Hello Everybody, My question is: Why when a resistor is in parallel with a "short circuit" the voltage across the resistor is zero, & so will the current passing through it? But when instead of a resistor we have a voltage source, this is not the case? "I was informed that the voltage source...
  36. N

    Differential Equations and Circuits

    So, I'm learning how to solve LR, RC, LC etc. types of circuits using differential equations. I understand how to do the math with differential equations, but I am confused as to why the variables are split in the way they are. For example, for an LR circuit you have the equation...
  37. G

    Engineering 2 identical circuits cascaded/laplace transform and impulse response

    Homework Statement Two identical circuits are cascaded, without the second circuit having any loading effect on the first circuit. If the laplace transform of the impulse response of the cascade is 4/(s+1)^2. a)determine the impulse response of each circuit alone as a function of time. b)if...
  38. N

    Peltier Project: Increasing Performance w/ 50% PWM & Alternating Circuits

    Peltier Project: 50% PWM --> alternate circuit switching for increased performance? Hi all, I have a project where I am making a drink cooler device using four peltier devices which can draw up to 30amps or 24 volts each. we are considering battery power (pretty ridiculous but anyway..) and...
  39. P

    Finding Current, Voltage, and Resistance in Parallel Circuits

    Homework Statement In the following circuit solve for V0, R1 and Rp. I0 = 6 A I1 = 2 A R2 = 9 Ω Homework Equations R = V/I 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 The Attempt at a Solution I think you need to find the total voltage first, but how?
  40. E

    Engineering Circuits: Is there an easier way?

    I'm trying to find the equivalent impedance of these circuits for each of the frequencies. However, I am re-analyzing and re-drawing the circuits for each of the frequencies, which is a lot of busy work. Is there an easier way of analyzing them?
  41. H

    Are there different kinds of series circuits?

    Homework Statement there are two identical light bulbs in a torch, a battery at its end and we are asked to connect the bulbs so that there is maximum brightness. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I simply drew them in parallel because that provides more brightness than...
  42. T

    Capacitors in DC Circuits, and How it Affects Reactance & Current

    I read that capacitors that are part of DC circuits have a reactance that is essentially infinite. When I look at equations, this seems to make sense: If the reactance X=1/ωC, ω is zero in a dc circuit and so this means that X approaches a very large value. Thus, if you use V=IX, this means...
  43. S

    Engineering Finding Current and Voltage in a multi loop circuits

    Homework Statement 1. Find the current in each resistor and voltage at point Vx Homework Equations Using Kirchoff's rule and system of equation I found currents but I am not quite sure how to calculate voltage at point Vx. I am pretty sure I got the currents right. Is it Vx =...
  44. M

    Discriminators in circuits for Neutron Detection

    Could anyone provide a concise explanation of the function of a discriminator in what is basically a, Detector => Pre-Amp => Amp => Discriminator => MCA (Multi-Channel Analyzer), circuit. I have a basic knowledge of electronics, but I'm still new to this. Thank you!
  45. B

    What to call a guy who designs and builds electronic circuits

    If I am a guy who develops CAD models, you call me CAD Engineer What to call a guy, when he designs and builds electronic circuits. I am looking for the word that is actually used in job search columns or newspapers, etc Just want to clear my (may be childish) doubt Regards
  46. M

    Laplace analysis of RLC and RLCC circuits

    (I hope I have posted this in the appropriate forum. I have consulted the posting guidelines and this seems to be OK. The subject of my post certainly isn’t homework or academic coursework, rather it is self-study for its own sake. If this is the wrong place – apologies, and maybe an admin could...
  47. E

    How Do I Properly Connect Separate Electrical Circuits in an Industrial Setting?

    I'm a graduate engineer at a manufacturing plant and unfortunately my lack of experience shows. Today I had the simple job of connecting the output of a limit switch on a circuit from a machine to the input terminal of a robot on a separate circuit. Both use 24v DC. I failed horribly. Probably...
  48. N

    What is best software used to design electronic circuits?

    Hello everybody, Please i need a reliable software to use in electronic circuit design, and to check the circuit to be working before manufacturing,i mean not to make it, and then find that it doesn't work, so software to design and another to do analysis of the circuit, or one software do...
  49. T

    Circuits in Upper E&M: Learn Beyond Freshman Physics 2

    we are learning a lot about circuits in freshman physics 2 - does junior/senior E&M do circuits - or do i need to take a circuit course if i want to learn more about circuits beyond freshman physics 2? thx
  50. D

    Max Harge on a Capacitor in LC Circuits

    Homework Statement An oscillating LC circuit consisting of a 1.2 nF capacitor and a 3.3 mH coil has a maximum voltage of 2.6 V. (a) What is the maximum charge on the capacitor? Homework Equations Q=CV The Attempt at a Solution I tried Q=CV but this did not work I got the answer...
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