Angular rotation velocity and acceleration

In summary, the question is asking for the tangential velocity in cartesian coordinates for a small object with a mass of 3.55 kg moving counterclockwise with a constant speed of 1.55 rad/s in a circle of radius 2.70 m centered at the origin. It starts at the point with position vector 2.70 m and undergoes an angular displacement of 8.50 rad. The correct answer is -3.34 i + (-2.52) j m/s, but the student is having trouble getting this answer using the equations v=ωr and a=rω^2. The student has been asked to think in radians and to draw a sketch to help visualize the situation.
  • #1
stau40
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Homework Statement


A small object with mass 3.55 kg moves counterclockwise with constant speed 1.55 rad/s in a circle of radius 2.70 m centered at the origin. It starts at the point with position vector 2.70 m. Then it undergoes an angular displacement of 8.50 rad.

Homework Equations


v=ωr
a=rω^2

The Attempt at a Solution


I've calculated the new position vector of -1.63i + 2.16j and know it's in the second quadrant at 127 degrees but can't get the correct answer of -3.34i + (-2.52)j m/s for it's velocity. The equation I'm using for i is 2.7*sin(127+90) and I'm using 2.7*cos(127+90) for j and neither of these end up and the correct answer. What am I doing wrong?
 
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  • #2
You described the situation, but have not given the question.

Have you been asked to give the tangential velocity in cartesian co-ordinates?

1st draw the situation.

Do all your angles in radiens.
(Learn to think in radiens - definition: put a circle with a radius of one unit so it's center is on the point of an angle ... the size of the angle is the distance around the circumference that is inside the angle.)

It's gone 8.5radiens from the start so it's gone around more than once (how many radiens in a circle?)

The angle of the velocity is [itex]\pi/2[/itex] around from this - use the drawing to figure out which way. Draw it in. Choose the easy angles on the sketch to work out the components.
 

FAQ: Angular rotation velocity and acceleration

What is angular rotation velocity and how is it different from linear velocity?

Angular rotation velocity refers to the rate of change of angular displacement of an object over time, measured in radians per second. It is different from linear velocity, which measures the rate of change of linear displacement in meters per second. Angular velocity is used to describe the motion of objects that are rotating or moving in a circular path, while linear velocity is used for objects moving in a straight line.

How is angular rotation velocity calculated?

Angular rotation velocity is calculated by dividing the change in angular displacement by the change in time. The formula for angular velocity is ω = Δθ/Δt, where ω is the angular velocity in radians per second, Δθ is the change in angular displacement in radians, and Δt is the change in time in seconds.

What is the relationship between angular rotation velocity and angular acceleration?

Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. It is calculated by dividing the change in angular velocity by the change in time. The formula for angular acceleration is α = Δω/Δt, where α is the angular acceleration in radians per second squared, Δω is the change in angular velocity in radians per second, and Δt is the change in time in seconds. The relationship between angular rotation velocity and angular acceleration is that they are both measures of the rate of change of angular motion, with acceleration being the rate of change of velocity.

How does angular rotation velocity affect the centripetal force on an object?

Angular rotation velocity affects the centripetal force on an object by determining the magnitude of the force needed to keep an object moving in a circular path. The higher the angular velocity, the greater the centripetal force required to maintain the circular motion. This is because the force must counteract the tendency of the object to move in a straight line due to its inertia.

How can angular rotation velocity and acceleration be used in real-world applications?

Angular rotation velocity and acceleration are used in many real-world applications, such as in the design and operation of machines and vehicles that involve rotational motion. They are also used in sports, such as in the calculation of the rotational speed of a spinning ball in baseball or the angular acceleration of a figure skater during a spin. In physics and engineering, these concepts are essential for understanding and predicting the behavior of rotating systems.

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