Calculating Current in a Kirchhoff Loop Circuit

In summary, the current in the circuit increases when going from the positive terminal of the battery to the right side of R2, and decreases when going from the positive terminal of the battery to the left side of R2.
  • #1
Faint
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Homework Statement



In the circuit below find the current I2 (in A) when R1 = 64 , R2 = 32 , R3 = 243 ; V1 = 86 V, and V2 = 200 V.
Be careful about the sign!
W5Nid.gif


Homework Equations


The Attempt at a Solution


I1 = I2 + I3

V1 - I1*R1 - I3*R3 + V2 = 0
V1 - I1*R1 - I2*R2 = 0
V2 - I2*R2 - I3*R3 = 0

I1*R1 + I3*R3 = V1 + V2
I1*R1 + I2*R2 = V1
-I2*R2 + I3*R3 = V2

PHP:
| R1  0    R3 | | I1 |     | V1+ V2 |
| R1  R2   0  | | I2 |  =  | V1     |
| 0   -R2  R3 | | I3 |     | V2     |

Solving these using R-1*V gives me values for I1,I2,I3 that don't follow I1 = I2 + I3, so I am doing something wrong.

Help?
 
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  • #2
This circuit consists of two independent loops. You need only two loop equations. But be careful with the directions of the currents. Show them in the picture. Writing the loop equation, the potential drops across a resistor in the direction of the current and raises in the opposite direction.ehild
 
  • #3
ehild said:
this circuit consists of two independent loops. You need only two loop equations. But be careful with the directions of the currents. Show them in the picture. Writing the loop equation, the potential drops across a resistor in the direction of the current and raises in the opposite direction.


Ehild

Showing the currents (in hopefully the right way):
cDvNP.gif


i1 = i2 + i3

v1 - i1*r1 - i2*r2 = 0
v2 - i2*r2 - i3*r3 = 0

-i1 + i2 + i3 = 0
i1*r1 + i2*r2 = v1
-i2*r2 + i3*r3 = v2

PHP:
| -1  1     1  | | i1 |     | 0   |
| r1  r2   0  | | i2 |  =  | v1 |
| 0   -r2  r3 | | i3 |     | v2 |

I get i1 = 1.1535 A, i2 = 0.3805 A, i3 = 0.7729 A which is wrong. What am I still missing?
 
  • #4
The second loop equation is wrong. According to the current I2, which end of R2 is at more positive potential?

ehild
 
  • #5
ehild said:
The second loop equation is wrong. According to the current I2, which end of R2 is at more positive potential?

ehild

Wouldn't the right end be at a more positive potential?
 
  • #6
It is. Starting at the positive terminal of the battery, and going clockwise, the potential increases across R2 and then decreases across R3.
 
  • #7
So v2 - i2*r2 - i3*r3 = 0 should be:
v2 + i2*r2 - i3*r3 = 0
correct? I had this written correctly in my notes, but copied it wrong.

-i2*r2 + i3*r3 = v2 should stay the same then correct?
 
  • #8
Yes, it is correct now. So you have three equations:

I1=I2+I3

I1R1+I2R2=V1

-I2R2+I3R3=V2

Solve.

ehild
 
  • #9
Got it. Thank you for your help!
 

FAQ: Calculating Current in a Kirchhoff Loop Circuit

What is a Kirchhoff loop?

A Kirchhoff loop, also known as Kirchhoff's second law or Kirchhoff's voltage law, is a fundamental principle in electrical circuit analysis that states the sum of all voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero.

How is Kirchhoff's law applied in circuit analysis?

Kirchhoff's law is applied by using the principle of conservation of energy, which states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. By applying Kirchhoff's law, we can analyze the distribution of voltage and current in a circuit and determine the behavior of the circuit.

What is the difference between Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law?

Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) states that the sum of all voltages around a closed loop in a circuit is equal to zero, while Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) states that the sum of all currents entering and exiting a node in a circuit is equal to zero. KVL is used to analyze voltage drops in a circuit, while KCL is used to analyze current flow in a circuit.

How do Kirchhoff's laws relate to Ohm's law?

Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's law are related in that they are both fundamental principles in circuit analysis. Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance. Kirchhoff's laws are used to analyze the behavior of circuits, including the voltage and current relationships predicted by Ohm's law.

Can Kirchhoff's laws be applied to both AC and DC circuits?

Yes, Kirchhoff's laws can be applied to both AC and DC circuits. However, the analysis of AC circuits may be more complex due to the presence of frequency-dependent components such as capacitors and inductors. In these cases, Kirchhoff's laws may be used in conjunction with other circuit analysis techniques, such as phasor analysis.

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