Changing Variables in PDEs: Understanding the Chain Rule

In summary, when changing variables in a partial differential equation, the chain rule can be used to determine the differential operators in the new variables. This is done by taking the partial derivatives of the new variable functions with respect to the original variables and multiplying them by the original differential operators.
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AxiomOfChoice
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Suppose you start with a function [itex]f(x,y,t)[/itex] which satisfies some partial differential equation in the variables [itex]x,y,t[/itex]. Suppose you make a change of variables [itex]x,y,t \to \xi,z,\tau[/itex], where [itex]\tau = g_\tau(x,y,t)[/itex] and similarly for [itex]\xi[/itex] and [itex]z[/itex]. If you want to know what the differential operators [itex]\partial_t, \partial_x[/itex], and [itex]\partial_y[/itex] look like in these variables, don't you need to do something like
[tex]
\frac{\partial}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial}{\partial \tau}\frac{\partial \tau}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi}\frac{\partial \xi}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\frac{\partial z}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial}{\partial \tau}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}g_\tau + \frac{\partial}{\partial \xi}\frac{\partial}{\partial t} g_\xi+ \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\frac{\partial}{\partial t}g_z,
[/tex]
and similarly for the other variables?
 
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Yes, that's right- you change variables in a differential equation (ordinary or partial) by using the chain rule just as you did.
 

FAQ: Changing Variables in PDEs: Understanding the Chain Rule

What is a change of variables in a PDE?

A change of variables in a PDE (Partial Differential Equation) is a technique used to transform the independent and/or dependent variables in the equation, in order to simplify its form and make it easier to solve. This transformation can also help to reveal certain properties or symmetries of the equation.

Why is a change of variables useful in solving PDEs?

A change of variables can be useful in solving PDEs because it can transform a complex equation into a simpler one, making it easier to solve. It can also help to reveal hidden symmetries or patterns in the equation, which can aid in finding a solution.

How is a change of variables performed in a PDE?

A change of variables in a PDE is performed by substituting new variables in place of the original ones, and then using the chain rule to transform the derivatives in the equation. This can lead to a new equation that is easier to solve or has a more desirable form.

What are some common types of changes of variables used in PDEs?

Some common types of changes of variables used in PDEs include scaling, translation, rotation, and inversion. These transformations can help to simplify an equation or make it easier to analyze.

Are there any limitations to using a change of variables in a PDE?

Yes, there are some limitations to using a change of variables in a PDE. In some cases, the transformation may not lead to a simpler equation, or it may not be possible to find a suitable transformation at all. Additionally, the new equation may have different boundary or initial conditions, which may affect the solution.

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