Open tube harmonics refer to the resonant frequencies produced by an open-ended tube, such as a flute or clarinet. These harmonics are created by standing waves that are formed within the tube. On the other hand, string harmonics refer to the resonant frequencies produced by a vibrating string, such as on a guitar or violin. These harmonics are created by dividing the string into equal segments.
Both open tube and string harmonics are created by standing waves. In both cases, the length of the resonating medium (tube or string) determines the frequency of the harmonic. Additionally, both types of harmonics have a fundamental frequency and higher order harmonics.
Both open tube and string harmonics are used in musical instruments. Open tube harmonics are commonly used in woodwind instruments, while string harmonics are used in string instruments.
Overtones refer to the higher frequency harmonics that are produced along with the fundamental frequency. In open tube harmonics, the overtones are produced by the standing waves within the tube. In string harmonics, the overtones are produced by dividing the string into equal segments. These overtones give each instrument its unique sound and tone.
The length of the resonating medium (tube or string) determines the frequency of the harmonic, and thus, the pitch of the note. In open tube harmonics, the longer the tube, the lower the pitch. In string harmonics, the shorter the string, the higher the pitch. By manipulating the length of the resonating medium, musicians can produce different pitches and notes.