Electric Current: Explaining Electron Flow

In summary, the convention of electric current flowing in the opposite direction of electrons is based on Benjamin Franklin's "single-fluid theory" of electricity. However, when electrons were discovered, it was easier to think of them as negatively charged and have them flow from negative to positive, rather than changing the direction of electric fluid flow. This convention is used in electronic devices, but it doesn't matter which direction is used as long as it is consistent. In ionic solutions, positive ions can also be current carriers.
  • #1
Fizziks_Fan
6
0
Really basic question but... why is an electric current in the opposite direction of the flow of electrons?
Doesn't make much sense to me. :confused:
 
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  • #2
You can blame it on Benjamin Franklin. About 250 years ago he invented a "single-fluid theory" of electricity. Objects with a surplus of electric fluid were attracted to objects with a deficit of electric fluid so that when they touch they could transfer some electric fluid and even things out. He called these objects "positively charged" and "negatively charged" respectively, and electric fluid flowed from positive to negative.

However, poor old Ben couldn't actually see the electric fluid, so he had to guess which objects were positive and which were negative, i.e. which objects had the surplus or deficit of electric fluid. But he guessed wrong! :frown:

When electrons were discovered, people decided that it was less trouble to think of them as negatively charged, and have them flow from negative to positive, than to start calling positively-charged objects negative, and negatively-charged objects positive, and reversing the direction of electric fluid flow (elecric current) everywhere.
 
  • #3
It is a convention. You can work with either positive or negative current, it simply does not matter. The Navy taught me negative current flow, other places teach positive current flow, it really does not make any difference...

Other then it simply makes more sense to speak of the flow of electrons as the current.


Yes, I am VERY aware that in ionic solutions positive ions can be the current carrier! Last I checked wires are NOT ionic solutions so that is a red herring when discussing current flow in electronic devices.
 

FAQ: Electric Current: Explaining Electron Flow

What is electric current?

Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is the movement of electrons through a conductor, which can be a wire, a metal, or any other material that allows the flow of electrons.

How does electric current flow?

Electric current flows when there is a potential difference, or voltage, between two points. Electrons flow from the negative terminal of a power source (such as a battery) to the positive terminal, completing a circuit.

What is the unit of electric current?

The unit of electric current is ampere (A), which is defined as the amount of electric charge passing through a point in one second. It is named after the French physicist André-Marie Ampère.

What factors affect the flow of electric current?

The flow of electric current is affected by three main factors: voltage, resistance, and the material of the conductor. Higher voltage and lower resistance increase the flow of electric current, while the type of material can also impact the flow.

What is the difference between direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)?

DC is the type of electric current that flows in one direction, while AC is the type of electric current that changes direction periodically. DC is commonly used in batteries and electronic devices, while AC is used in power grids for its ability to be transmitted over long distances.

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