How Can You Calculate the Expectation Value of Momentum in Quantum Mechanics?

In summary, the conversation discusses finding the value of <p> for a particle in an infinite square potential well with a given wave function. The attempted solution involves using a self-invented procedure, resulting in an incorrect answer. The correct method for calculating the expectation value <A> is suggested to be found in a textbook.
  • #1
kasse
384
1

Homework Statement



A particle is in a infinite square poteltian well between x=0 and x=a. Find <p> of a particle whose wave function is [tex]\psi(x) = \sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}sin\frac{n \pi x}{a}[/tex] (the ground state).

2. The attempt at a solution

[tex]<p> = \frac{2 \hbar k}{\pi} \int^{a}_{0}sin^{2} \frac{\pi x}{a} dx = \frac{2 \hbar k }{\pi} \int^{\pi}_{0}sin^{2}u du = \hbar k = p[/tex]

which certainly isn't the answer I wanted. The correct answer is 0. Where's my mistake?
 
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  • #2
You get the wrong answer because you invented your own procedure to calculate <p>. Check your textbook for how to calculate the expectation value <A> of any operator A, in an arbitrary state psi.
 

FAQ: How Can You Calculate the Expectation Value of Momentum in Quantum Mechanics?

What is the expectation value of momentum?

The expectation value of momentum is a mathematical concept used in quantum mechanics to describe the average value of a particle's momentum in a given state. It is calculated by taking the integral of the momentum operator over the wave function of the particle.

How is the expectation value of momentum related to uncertainty?

The uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics states that the more precisely we know the momentum of a particle, the less we know about its position, and vice versa. The expectation value of momentum can provide a measure of this uncertainty, as it represents the most likely value of momentum for a particle in a given state.

What does a high or low expectation value of momentum indicate?

A high expectation value of momentum indicates that there is a high probability that a particle will have a large momentum, while a low expectation value of momentum suggests that a particle is more likely to have a small momentum. However, it is important to note that the expectation value is not the same as a measurement of momentum, but rather a statistical measure of the average value.

How is the expectation value of momentum calculated?

The expectation value of momentum is calculated using the integral of the momentum operator over the wave function of a particle. This can be represented mathematically as ψ, where ψ is the wave function and p is the momentum operator.

Can the expectation value of momentum be negative?

Yes, the expectation value of momentum can be negative. This indicates that the average momentum of a particle in a given state is in the opposite direction of the momentum operator. However, it is important to note that this value is a mathematical construct and may not necessarily correspond to a physical measurement of momentum.

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