How to Find the Expectation Value of an Operator with a Constant Commutator?

In summary, the problem involves finding the expected value of an operator \hat{A} at time t > 0, given that the system is in a normalized eigenstate of \hat{A} at time t=0 with an eigenvalue of a. This is determined through the commutator relation [\hat{H}, \hat{A}] = c, where c is a constant. By using the time evolution equation, we can find that the expected value of \hat{A} is equal to ic/hbar, which may be real or complex depending on the value of c.
  • #1
Domnu
178
0
Problem
Consider an operator [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] whose commutator with the Hamiltonian [tex]\hat{H}[/tex] is the constant [tex]c[/tex]... ie [tex] [\hat{H}, \hat{A}] = c[/tex]. Find [tex]\langle A \rangle[/tex] at [tex]t > 0,[/tex] given that the system is in a normalized eigenstate of [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] at [tex]t=0,[tex] corresponding to the eigenvalue [tex]a[/tex].

Attempt Solution
We know that

[tex]\frac{\partial \langle A \rangle}{dt} = \langle \frac{i}{\hbar} [\hat{H}, \hat{A}] + \frac{\partial \hat{A}}{\partial t} \rangle = \langle \frac{i c}{\hbar} + 0 \rangle = \frac{i c}{\hbar}[/tex].

Is this correct? (I'm just confirming that [tex]d\hat{A}/dt = 0[/tex] since we're in an eigenstate of [tex]\hat{A}[/tex]). But this means that the expected value of [tex]A[/tex] is complex... clearly, [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] is not Hermitian then, right?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
None of this is very clear. What's the exact problem? ic/hbar may be real if c is complex. It's certainly true that the expectation values of a hermitian operator are real. That I'll give you, clearly.
 
  • #3
Hmm... I couldn't edit my previous post, so here's the new problem... (slight LaTeX error in previous post):

Problem
Consider an operator [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] whose commutator with the Hamiltonian [tex]\hat{H}[/tex] is the constant [tex]c[/tex]... ie [tex] [\hat{H}, \hat{A}] = c[/tex]. Find [tex]\langle A \rangle[/tex] at [tex]t > 0,[/tex] given that the system is in a normalized eigenstate of [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] at [tex]t=0,[/tex] corresponding to the eigenvalue [tex]a[/tex].

This is the correct problem. Notation-wise, we have that [tex]\langle A \rangle[/tex] denotes the expected value of the operator [tex]\hat{A}[/tex] operating upon some wavefunction [tex]\psi[/tex]... here, we know that for our wavefunction, [tex] [\hat{H}, \hat{A}] = c [/tex].
 

FAQ: How to Find the Expectation Value of an Operator with a Constant Commutator?

What is the expectation value of an operator?

The expectation value of an operator is a mathematical concept that represents the average or expected value of the results of a measurement or observation of a physical quantity. It is an important tool in quantum mechanics for predicting the behavior of a system.

How is the expectation value of an operator calculated?

The expectation value of an operator is calculated by taking the inner product of the operator with the wavefunction of the system, and then integrating over all possible values of the physical quantity being measured. This results in a single number that represents the expected value of the measurement.

What is the significance of the expectation value of an operator?

The expectation value of an operator is significant because it allows us to make predictions about the behavior of a system in quantum mechanics. It gives us information about the most probable outcome of a measurement, and can also help us understand the uncertainty or spread of possible outcomes.

Can the expectation value of an operator be negative?

Yes, the expectation value of an operator can be negative. This can happen if the operator has both positive and negative eigenvalues, and the wavefunction has a significant contribution from both positive and negative eigenstates. In this case, the expectation value represents the balance between the positive and negative values, and can result in a negative number.

How does the expectation value of an operator relate to observables in quantum mechanics?

The expectation value of an operator is directly related to observables in quantum mechanics. The operator represents the physical quantity that is being measured, and the expectation value represents the average or expected value of that measurement. Therefore, by calculating the expectation value, we can make predictions about the behavior of the system and the outcomes of measurements.

Back
Top