Meaning of pointwise and uniformly in mathematics?

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In summary, pointwise convergence of a sequence of functions means that the sequence of numbers obtained by evaluating each function at a specific point will converge to the value of the function at that point. Uniform convergence, on the other hand, means that for any given error margin, a single value can be chosen that will ensure the entire sequence of numbers converges within that margin for any point in the set. It is easier to prove that a sequence of functions converges pointwise to a function, but harder to prove that it converges uniformly. The terms "pointwise" and "uniformly" can also be applied to continuity, with the latter being a stronger condition. The term "sequence of functions converges uniformly to a function" does not
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teng125
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can anybody pls explain to me what is the meaning of pointwise and uniformly in mathematics??
i really don't know what is that mean...thanx...
 
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"pointwise" convergence and "uniform" convergence of sequences of functions.

The sequence of functions {fn} converges to the function f pointwise if the sequences of numbers {fn(x)} converges to the number f(x) for every value of x (every point).
You might recall that that requires that "for every [itex]\epsilon> 0[/itex], there exist [itex]\delta>0[/itex] so that if [itex]|x- x_0|<\delta[/itex], then [itex]|f(x)- f(x_0)|< \epsilon[/itex]. The choice of [itex]\delta[/itex] may depend on both [itex]\epsilon[/itex] and x0.

The sequence of functions {fn} converges uniformly if, for a given [itex]\epsilon[/itex], you can choose a single [itex]\delta[/itex] that will work for any x0 in the set.

It's trival to prove that if a sequence of functions converges uniformly to a function, then the sequence converges pointwise to the same function.

It's much harder to prove that if a sequence of functions converges pointwise to an function, on a compact (closed and bounded) set, then the sequence converges uniformly to that same function.

You can do a similar thing to define "pointwise" continuous and "uniformly continuous" on a set.
 
  • #3
what is the meaning of a "sequence of functions converges uniformly to a function"?? is it means the function will exists as a number=1 or 0??
 

FAQ: Meaning of pointwise and uniformly in mathematics?

1. What is the difference between pointwise and uniformly convergence?

Pointwise convergence refers to a sequence of functions that converges to a particular function at each point. On the other hand, uniform convergence means that the sequence of functions converges to the function uniformly on the entire domain.

2. How do you prove pointwise convergence of a sequence of functions?

To prove pointwise convergence, we need to show that for every point in the domain, the sequence of functions converges to the limit function. This can be done by evaluating the limit of the sequence of functions at each point and showing that it equals the limit function.

3. What is the significance of uniform convergence in analysis?

Uniform convergence is important in analysis because it guarantees that the limit function is continuous. This is because the convergence is not only at individual points, but also uniform across the entire domain. It also allows for easier calculations and simplifications in certain mathematical operations.

4. Can a sequence of functions converge pointwise but not uniformly?

Yes, it is possible for a sequence of functions to converge pointwise but not uniformly. This can occur if the rate of convergence varies at different points in the domain, leading to a lack of uniformity in the convergence.

5. How does uniform convergence relate to the concept of continuity?

Uniform convergence is closely related to continuity, as it guarantees that the limit function is continuous. This is because the convergence is not only at individual points, but also uniform across the entire domain. This allows for the limit function to be defined and evaluated at any point in the domain, making it continuous.

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