Understanding Pressure Equalization in the Classic Soda Can Experiment

In summary, the can is crushed because the pressure inside the can decreases faster than the pressure outside the can.
  • #1
woosh9013
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I have a question regarding the classic experiment with a [soda] can involving pressure. Here is a simplified version of the experiment, without going into too much detail:

1. Heat some water up.
2. Put the water in the can.
3. Invert the can inside an ice bath.

The result is that the can is crushed.

I mostly understand why this happens, but there is one part that I don't get. Here is my explanation:

The air inside the can is rapidly cooled when inserted into the ice bath. As a result, the decrease in temperature causes a decrease in pressure. The pressure on the outside of the can is greater than the pressure on the inside of the can. Since this is true, the air outside exerts a force crushing the can. What I don't get is how the pressure becomes equalized.

Equations used to describe the air inside of the can

Equation 1
Before the water is heated and added to the can
PV=nRT (normal T and P)

Equation 2
Once the can filled with heated water and inverted into the ice bath
(0.5)PV=nR(0.5)T (drop in T causes the drop in P; let's just say T drops by a factor of 0.5, so then the P side must drop by the same factor)

Equation 3
This is the part I don't get. Once the pressure on the inside is equal to the pressure on the outside of the can, the crushing force exerted on the can no longer exists. So if the pressure initially had a factor of 1 before the experiment, then once the experiment is over and the pressures become equal, shouldn't it also have a factor of 1? How does the equation jump from Equation 2 to Equation 3. Doesn't something on the right side have to increase to compensate for the normalization of the pressure?
PV=nRT

If I've messed up somewhere in my thought process, let me know.
 
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  • #2
In addition to decreasing pressure, what other variable could you decrease to compensate for a decrease in temperature?
 
  • #3
The volume, but even if the factor of 0.5 is split between volume and pressure then something on the right side still has to increase. Right?

Unless only the volume decreased, because then the value of volume would stay low after the experiment... hmm...
 
Last edited:
  • #4
Yes, the volume decreases until the pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
 
  • #5
I think I get it now. Thank you very much for all your help.
 

FAQ: Understanding Pressure Equalization in the Classic Soda Can Experiment

What is the purpose of a can experiment on pressure?

The purpose of a can experiment on pressure is to demonstrate how changes in temperature can affect the pressure inside a sealed container. This can help us understand the relationship between temperature and pressure in gases.

How does a can experiment on pressure work?

In a can experiment on pressure, a small amount of water is placed inside a sealed can and heated. As the water heats up, it turns into steam and expands, increasing the pressure inside the can. When the can is placed upside down in cold water, the steam inside cools and condenses, decreasing the pressure and causing the can to be crushed.

What materials are needed to conduct a can experiment on pressure?

The materials needed for a can experiment on pressure include an empty soda can, water, a heat source (such as a stove or hot plate), tongs or oven mitts, and a bowl or sink filled with cold water.

What safety precautions should be taken when conducting a can experiment on pressure?

It is important to use caution when conducting a can experiment on pressure, as the can and water can become very hot. Make sure to use tongs or oven mitts when handling the can and be careful when pouring the water. Also, always conduct the experiment in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling any steam.

What are some possible sources of error in a can experiment on pressure?

Some possible sources of error in a can experiment on pressure include not sealing the can tightly enough, not using enough water, or not heating the can for a sufficient amount of time. Additionally, variations in the temperature of the room or the water used can also affect the results of the experiment.

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