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The sun's corona is the outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere, extending millions of kilometers into space. It is composed of extremely hot plasma (ionized gases) and is only visible to the naked eye during a total solar eclipse.
The temperature of the sun's corona can reach over 1 million degrees Celsius. This is significantly hotter than the surface of the sun, which is only around 5,500 degrees Celsius.
The sun's corona is primarily caused by the sun's magnetic field. The intense magnetic activity of the sun creates loops and arcs of hot plasma that make up the corona. Solar flares and sunspots also contribute to the corona's formation.
The sun's corona is not dangerous to us on Earth. The Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field protect us from the intense heat and radiation of the corona. However, astronauts and satellites in space can be affected by the corona's activity.
The sun's corona plays a crucial role in Earth's climate and weather patterns. Solar winds from the corona can cause disruptions in Earth's magnetic field, leading to phenomena such as auroras. The corona's energy also heats up the Earth's upper atmosphere and can affect satellite communications and power grids.