ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022. It is built on top of OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 foundational large language models (LLMs) and has been fine-tuned (an approach to transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning techniques.
ChatGPT launched as a prototype on November 30, 2022, and garnered attention for its detailed responses and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge. Its propensity to confidently provide factually incorrect responses has been identified as a significant drawback. In 2023, following the release of ChatGPT, OpenAI's valuation was estimated at US$29 billion. The advent of the chatbot has increased competition within the space, motivating the creation of Google's Bard and Meta's LLaMA.
The original release of ChatGPT was based on GPT-3.5. A version based on GPT-4, the newest OpenAI model, was released on March 14, 2023, and is available for paid subscribers on a limited basis.
ChatGPT and GPT-4 have led leading computer scientists such as Geoffrey Hinton and Yoshua Bengio to voice concerns, including that future AI systems may surpass human intelligence, pursue misaligned goals, and pose existential risks.