Why are nuclear reactors shape

In summary, the reactor smokestacks in nuclear power plants are designed to have a nozzle shape in order to reduce drag and allow for a cleaner exit of the flow, especially in supersonic flow. This shape also helps to maintain a specific flow attribute near the cooling rods and allows for a constant vapor rising speed. Additionally, the shape of the smokestack lends itself to economical concrete construction. However, it is important to note that the cooling towers seen at nuclear power plants are not where the reactor is housed, but rather they are used to cool the water that carries heat away from the plant.
  • #1
Aero51
548
10
I am an aeronautical engineer and I am curious why do NE's design the reactor smokestacks to be shaped like elongated rocket nozzles? In general, the nozzle shape offers less drag and a cleaner exit of the flow upstream and downstream from the nozzle exit. In supersonic flow, the nozzle shape is used to accelerate the exiting velocity faster than Mach 1.

The real question is here: I do not see why such a shape would be necessary on a nuclear power plant. My guess would be it has something to do with maintaining a specific flow attribute near the cooling rods. Even then, you would want the water near the cooling rods to be a fast as possible to convect the heat away most quickly.
An alternative guess would be the fact that the evaporating water should at first have a very high initial velocity (near the interface), but decrease as it cools climbing the smoke stack. Perhaps the shape then is to maintain a constant vapor rising speed?
 
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  • #2
You already know the answer -

Parabolic towers use natural draft , so driving head is minimal.
Think of it as a converging-diverging nozzle designed to provide most flow for the low differential pressure available.

The shape also lends itself to economical concrete construction .


http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/waterfs_coolingtowers.pdf
http://che.sharif.edu/~heatlab/Lab/Benefit%20Book%20&%20Journal/Benefit%20book/Cooling%20Tower%20Thermal%20Design%20Manual.pdf


But I sense a misconception here:
the cooling towers you see do not house the reactor,
they cool the water that is used to carry heat away from the plant,
most of which comes from condensing the large amount of steam that exits the turbine.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

Related to Why are nuclear reactors shape

1. Why are nuclear reactors shaped like cylinders?

Nuclear reactors are shaped like cylinders because this shape allows for a uniform distribution of nuclear fuel inside the reactor. The cylindrical shape also has a large surface area which allows for efficient heat transfer. Additionally, the cylindrical shape allows for the containment of the nuclear reaction and helps to prevent any potential leaks.

2. Why are nuclear reactors often dome-shaped?

Nuclear reactors are often dome-shaped because this shape is strong and can withstand high pressures and temperatures. The dome shape also allows for the containment of any potential nuclear accidents or meltdowns. Additionally, the dome shape is aerodynamic which helps with air flow and cooling.

3. Why are nuclear reactors sometimes shaped like squares or rectangles?

Nuclear reactors can be shaped like squares or rectangles for a few reasons. These shapes are often used for reactors that are used for research or testing purposes. They allow for easier access to the reactor components and make it easier to modify or replace certain parts. Additionally, these shapes can also be more cost-effective to construct and maintain.

4. Why are nuclear reactors not shaped like spheres?

Spherical nuclear reactors are not commonly used because it is difficult to evenly distribute nuclear fuel and control the reactions within a spherical shape. It is also harder to maintain and replace components in a spherical reactor. However, there have been some experimental spherical reactors built for specific purposes.

5. Why are nuclear reactors sometimes shaped like cooling towers?

Nuclear reactors are not actually shaped like cooling towers. Cooling towers are separate structures that are used to cool the water that has been used to cool the reactor. These towers are typically shaped like cylinders or hyperbolic shapes to promote air flow and cooling. However, some nuclear power plants may have their cooling towers near the reactor, giving the appearance of a cooling tower-shaped reactor.

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