Colloids are an osmotically active particle just like any other particle and hence exert osmotic pressure.
Hypertonic saline can be used in this way but there are dangers!
Isotonic saline will quickly distribute to the vascular and extracellular space - and then it will slowly equilibrate with the intracellular space over time yes. Hypotonic saline will more rapidly bulk up intracellular volume due to the low tonicity and so during infusion will fill all...
Yes it will - but that's like saying we don't need to worry about plasma volume as long as vasoconstriction can compensate. That is good if it really needs to happen but not a good long term strategy. Thats why some volume sensors are not as closely linked to the idea of pressure, e.g. the atria...
Volume share between the vascular and extracellular space. When you use crystalloids they leak into the extracellular space - and volume goes there too - so your vascular volume would drop again. Therefore, infude more volume than needed just to fill the vascular space.
Blood vessels are leaky...
Its a membrane channel of the SA node cells that causes a current called If (channel is called the funny channel or HCN)- that spontaneously depolarizes after hyperpolarization that sets heart rate - the CNS then only acts as a modifier of the intrinsic rate of the SA node by modifying the rate...
Whilst I 'understand' that I don't have it clear in my mind. The particle has an initial momentum going in before it hits and a final momentum coming out after it hits - and since it is the same mass and the same speed the momentum going 'in' is the same as the momentum going 'out'. So momentum...
Okay so please forgive the simple question - I am slowly educating myself but find that sometimes the intuitive view evades me.
In Feynmans Chapter 38 of Vol 1 - I am reading through kinetic theory of gases about the momentum of a particle hitting a static piston. The section after 39.2. He...
And yes - the binding of X and Y is independent and each event does not change the binding of the other. So a single receptor can have an X and a Y bound. But would not be active.
I should add though that your worst case scenario take on the problem will let me explain it beautifully. As you say in instance 1 you need 6 agonist - 3 to use up the inactive sites and the next 3 are guaranteed to fill active sites.
Extending that into the second scenario - when i first add 3...
well in situation 1 k = 3 i guess, but then in situation 2 when we add the antagonist - it is more difficult - since antagonist can either bind to an inactive receptor and do nothing (for the first antagonist particle there is a 3/9 chance of that), but then there is a possibility that the...
PS - this ain't homework! On an intrinsic level its clear to me that in the new condition more X has to be added to ensure that 3 active sites are bound (I hope my intrinsic thoughts are correct!) - but I want to be able to put a number on it.
FYI - this is a real word problem I am trying to...
Okay so I have a complex setup that I hope I can convey.
I have 9 sites to which X can bind. 6 out of the 9 sites are active and 3 out of the 9 sites are inactive. I need 3 of the active sites to be bound to get the response I am looking for - which we will call EMAX.
So when I add a...
I'll be brief - its late...
Think like this
If you blow air into a balloon it has a pressurised interior due to elasric recoil of the balloon. Repeat the same thing but this time with a plastic bag, if you inject the same volume - there is no pressurized interior since there is no elastic...