Equivalent Definition and 1000 Threads

Equivalent weight (also known as gram equivalent) is the mass of one equivalent, that is the mass of a given substance which will combine with or displace a fixed quantity of another substance. The equivalent weight of an element is the mass which combines with or displaces 1.008 gram of hydrogen or 8.0 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine. These values correspond to the atomic weight divided by the usual valence; for oxygen as example that is 16.0 g / 2 = 8.0 g.
For acid–base reactions, the equivalent weight of an acid or base is the mass which supplies or reacts with one mole of hydrogen cations (H+). For redox reactions, the equivalent weight of each reactant supplies or reacts with one mole of electrons (e−) in a redox reaction.Equivalent weight has the dimensions and units of mass, unlike atomic weight, which is dimensionless. Equivalent weights were originally determined by experiment, but (insofar as they are still used) are now derived from molar masses. Additionally, the equivalent weight of a compound can be calculated by dividing the molecular mass by the number of positive or negative electrical charges that result from the dissolution of the compound.

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  1. S

    B How do equivalent ratios work in practical terms?

    my doubt is that let's say we have a ratio 5:10 now the equivalent ratio for this would be 1:2 but what I am not able to understand is - let's say we have a situation in which it is given that the ratio of girls to boys is 5:10 which means for every 5 girls we have 10 boys but if we see the...
  2. H

    A Are these two optimization problems equivalent?

    Hello, I need help please. I have the following optimization problem defined as \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} & (\mathbf{P1}) \quad \max_{\mathbf{z}} \quad \left| d -\sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{c_n}{f_n + z_n} \right|^2 \\ & \text{subject to} \quad \sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{|a_n|^2 \text{Re}(z_n)}{|f_n...
  3. K

    I Are different interpretations of probability equivalent?

    There appear to be at least three concepts of probability. In my words frequencies in a history (theretical and measured) reasonable expectation propensity to outcomes There may be more. I am wondering whether these are actually different meanings, which could affect how probability is used in...
  4. M

    Proving Entropy statement is equivalent to Clausius statement

    For this, I don't understand how we can apply the change in entropy equation for each solid since the ##\frac{dT}{dt}## for each solid will be non-zero until the solids reach thermal equilibrium. My textbook says that the ##\Delta S## for a system undergoing a reversible process at constant...
  5. ribella

    A What is the energy dependence of the Equivalent photon approximation?

    Hi, What is the energy dependence of the Equivalent photon approximation? For this approach to be valid, what is the maximum center of mass-energy. As know, this approach is an energy-dependent approach. Can this approach be used to calculate, for example, at a center of mass energy of 100...
  6. MarkTheQuark

    Circuit equivalent for fitting my data

    I did a few experiments recently of impedance spectroscopy, and I've gathered some data that i'm having some issues to find an equivalent circuit that can fit the data. The equivalent circuit that I've got, it's pretty similar with the data (graph and circuit below) But the problem is, at low...
  7. J

    Equivalent capacitance of a circuit

    Why is it that, due to symmetry, ∆V2 = 0 and ∆V1 = ∆V4 = ∆V5 = ∆V3? I don't really understand the reasoning behind the simplification. Thank you.
  8. N

    Find an equivalent equation involving trig functions

    Rewrite the given equation, attempt 1: ##2\sin(x)\cos(x) + 2\sin(x) + 2\cos(x) = 0## ##\sin(x)\cos(x) + \sin(x) + \cos(x) = 0## ##\sin(x)(\cos(x) + 1) + \cos(x) = 0##, naaah, can't get any relevant out from here. Attempt 2: ##2\sin(x)\cos(x) + 2\sqrt{2}*\sin(x + \pi/4) = 0## ##\sin(x)\cos(x) +...
  9. J

    How Do You Determine Equivalent Capacitance in Complex Circuits?

    There are 3 parallel paths: one through 4.0 µF, one through 6.0 µF, and one through 5.0 µF and 7.0 µF. Why wouldn't there be another path through 4.0 µF, 7.0 µF, 5.0 µF, and 6.0 µF? Also, what determines the direction of current flow when there is a diagonal across parallel paths? Thank you.
  10. patric44

    T_{0} - Space Equivalent Definition

    Hello everyone, Concerning the separation axioms in topology. Our topology professor introduced the equivalent definition for a topological space to be a ##T_{o}-space## as: $$ (X,\tau)\ is\ a\ T_{o}-space\ iff\ \forall\ x\ \in X,\ \{x\}^{\prime}\ is\ a\ union\ of\ closed\ sets. $$ The direction...
  11. V

    Determine equivalent Young's Modulus

    We need to find a single wire supporting the load. But, when I think about it there can so many different types of materials we could use for the single wire and each of these single wires would have a different Young's Modulus. So, I don't get what equivalent means here? Anyways, I get the...
  12. A

    Differential Amplifier Common Mode Thevenin Equivalent

    I am currently reading about small signal analysis of a MOSFET differential amplifier. The text I am using has the below two figures for a common-mode equivalent circuit for the amplifier. The first makes sense to me except where it calls it a "Norton equivalent circuit", whereas I thought a...
  13. Joshy

    Engineering Equivalent resistance of an envelope peak detector (RF CMOS)

    Full problem: I don't normally think about circuits like these in terms of energy (Joules) so I was very much confused. What I did was find where the simplified expressions intercepts with each other to get the voltage. I scanned in my work although this text is a walk through of what I did...
  14. A

    A The normal equivalent for a discrete random variable

    De normal distribution has the following form: $$\displaystyle f \left(x \right) \, = \,\frac{1}{2}~\frac{\sqrt{2}~e^{-\frac{1}{2}~\frac{\left(x -\nu \right)^{2}}{\tau ^{2}}}}{\tau ~\sqrt{\pi }}$$ and it's integral is equal to one: $$\displaystyle \int_{-\infty }^{\infty }\!1/2\,{\frac {...
  15. C

    I Equivalent formula for a Sound wave in a medium like an EM wave

    1.) In electromagnetics, wavelength in a medium is $$\lambda = \frac{\lambda_{0}}{n}$$, where $$n$$ is the refractive index. What is the equivalent formula for sound wave in a medium? 2.) Is there a reference sound velocity, like electromagetic wave speed in vacuum is $$c_{0} =...
  16. G

    Equivalent Capacitance and Resistance of this Circuit

    NOTE: THE C1 that is 120 microfarads is meant to be C3. What I did first was find equivalent capacitance of C2 and C3 by doing (40)*(120)/(40+120)=30. Then I found Ceq by doing (20)*(30)/(20+30)=12. For the resistance I did 6*3/(6+3)=2, for R2 and R1. Then to find Req I did (5)*(2)/5+2= 10/7 Am...
  17. L

    Engineering How to Calculate Thevenin Equivalent Circuit

    First, I calculate the Thevenin resistance by treating the independent current source I0 as an open circuit and noticing that the resistance of the dependent voltage source is α (since V=IR and the voltage across the dependent voltage source is given by αi. In this way, I have: RTH = 1 / (1 /...
  18. K

    I Is this generalization equivalent to usual Aposyndetic

    For some basic definitions we call connected, metric space a continuum and we say that continuum is aposyndetic if for every pair of points p,q exists a subcontinuum W such that $p \in int(W) \subset W \subset X \setminus \{q\}$ similarly I introduce a notion of "zero set aposyndetic" as: X is...
  19. A

    Find the equivalent resistance of this 5-resistor circuit

    I have a question about an exercise I don't understand, I don't want the solution, only the first element to begin. I have tried with kirchhoff law, but I failed. thanks
  20. K

    I Bra Ket is equivalent to inner product always?

    We denote a scalar product of two vectors ##a, b## in Hilbert space ##H## as $(a,b)$. In Bra Ket notation, we denote a vector a in Hilbert space as ##|a\rangle##. Also we say that bras belong to the dual space ##H##∗ . So Bras are linear transformations that map kets to a number. Then it...
  21. D

    Engineering Create the Thevevenin equivalent circuit

    Hey, I am having big issues with the following question. I have done node analysis to get the following equations 1-5 and the equation for A i have removed because it was not needed apparently. When solving the equationsystem I get that the voltage in node 1-5 is (using matlab) V =...
  22. greg_rack

    Equivalent system (force+couple moment) of a loaded beam

    Hi guys, I don't really know how to cope with this problem, maybe just because I can't properly understand the data. In the figure we have a beam with its loading(plus a force of 15kN), a pivot O and support at the rightmost point. I would say that in order to find the equivalent system, I...
  23. F

    Python 'hold off' equivalent in python

    In MATLAB one can 'hold off' to remove a previously drawn thing on the same graph. How about in python?
  24. D

    Grade 11 physics and equivalent resistance

    i keep getting 45.3 ohms but the answer is 25.6 ohms
  25. P

    Getting a Vaccination vs Having Recovered from Covid -- Are they equivalent?

    There is a bias in the medical community toward getting vaccinated even if you have had Covid with symptoms. Example - https://health.clevelandclinic.org/when-should-you-get-vaccinated-if-youve-had-covid-19/ I am unaware of any hard science - incremental analysis - that would conclude that...
  26. Osnel Jr

    B Sets being equal and equivalent

    It says that sets that are equal ie having the same types of elements can also be equivalent, having the same number of elements when b has more distinct elements than a. Please explain
  27. R

    Find the Equivalent Impedance of the Network

    We are asked to find the equivalent impedance of the network. Nothing is in series or parallel so I don't know what to do. We cannot use mesh equations or Thevenin's theorem because is no current or voltage source. So I have no clue.
  28. Xiao Xiao

    Help finding Thevenim Equivalent - Circuit Analysis

    Summary:: So I found Vth=1.19 using Nodal analysis and I'm not sure if that's right, I'm trying to find Rth now but I'm confused as to what to do, any tip that tells me at least from where to start is appreciated. Edit: so I did 12||60 so Rth=10 ohm, is that correct? Is Vth correct too?
  29. A

    How Does 5% Scattered Light Affect Equivalent Width?

    How much does the equivalent width of a line change by the introduction of 5% scattered light? We know the equivalent width is defined as We know the equivalent width is defined as $$W = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \bigg(\frac{1-F_{\nu}}{F_c}\bigg) \, d\nu$$ where ##F_{\nu}## represents the flux in...
  30. L

    Hammer press equivalent to 6 Ton hydraulic press

    i need a help, this is my first post in this platform, actually few year ago I perform a forging operation in a 6 Ton forging press but now i have 3 Ton hammer press, can i use that press to make that product. is there any calculation to find out equivalent hammer press of a forging press
  31. N

    Gravity equivalent of Ohm's law

    Conceptually I have never really understood Ohm's law, other than using it in calculations. My brain just cannot understand why this equation works. I was wondering if there is some sort of gravity equivalent to perhaps conceptualise it a bit better. Voltage: would be the acceleration due to...
  32. H

    How to solve this network of resistors for equivalent resistance?

  33. Andrei0408

    Calculate the equivalent resistance

    R1 = 2 ohms ; R2 = 2 ohms; R3 = 1ohm First figure: I need to calculate the resistance between: a) A and C and b) A and B a) R1 and R3 are in series => R13 = R1 + R3 = 3 ohms R13 and R2 are in parallel => 1/Rp = 1/R13 + 1/R2 => Rp = 1.2 ohms b) Here, between A and B there is only R1 so the...
  34. E

    I Classical equivalent of scalar free field in QFT

    Hi there, In QFT, a free scalar field can be represented by the lagrangian density $$\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{2}\left(\partial\phi\right)^2 - \frac{1}{2}m^2\phi^2$$ I would like to find a classical system that has the same lagrangian. If we consider the transversal motion of an elastic string...
  35. F

    I Understanding 2 equivalent formulations of both data set measures

    I have two independant experiments have measured ##\tau_{1},\sigma_{1}## and ##\tau_{2},\sigma_{2}## with ##\sigma_{i}## representing errors on measures. From these two measures, assuming errors are gaussian, we want to get the estimation of Ï and its error (i.e with a combination of two...
  36. yucheng

    Proof that two equivalent sequences are both Cauchy sequences

    Let us just lay down some definitions. Both sequences are equivalent iff for each ##\epsilon>0## , there exists an N>0 such that for all n>N, ##|a_n-b_n|<\epsilon##. A sequence is a Cauchy sequence iff ##\forall\epsilon>0:(\exists N>0: (\forall j,k>N:|a_j-a_k|>\epsilon))##. We proceeded by...
  37. yucheng

    Why are these pulleys equivalent?

    I have to apologize if the diagram is awful: I drew it for the sake of asking... I am analyzing the rope that is hanging the pulleys. From the diagram, the pulley at the left (let's call it L), has two objects with mass M at both ends. The pulley at the right (let's call it R), has an object...
  38. S

    Engineering Write the differential equation that's equivalent to this transfer function

    I have the solution to the problem, and I mechanically, but not theoretically (basically, why do the C(s) and R(s) disappear?), understand how we go from ##(s^5 + 3s^4 + 2s^3 + 4s^2 + 5s + 2) C(s) = (s^4 + 2s^3 + 5s^2 + s + 1) R(s)## to ##c^{(5)}(t) + 3c^{(4)}(t) + 2c^{(3)}(t) + 4c^{(2)}(t) +...
  39. mcastillo356

    B The same inequality, but two equivalent ways to express it

    I've been given this answer: to move from negative to positive angles, ##-\theta'=2\pi-\theta##; and to move from positive to negative angles, ##\theta'=\theta-2\pi##. But my question is if there is any way to calculate it in a sequence of inequalities' steps. If I am being cumbersome, forgive...
  40. C

    Equivalent Capacitance of a Triangular Network of Capacitors

    Hi, I'm struggling with this question. I feel like I don't even know where to begin. It seems to be a relatively simple calculation, but would the effective capacitance between A and C not just be 1 microFarad? Obviously that can't be the correct answer because such a simple observation wouldn't...
  41. G

    Equation for Fourth Force and its Line of Action?

    Could anyone please help with the following? Three forces of magnitudes 10, 3 * sqrt(5) and 25 Newtons act along lines whose vector equations are respectively: r1 = i - 2j + k(4i + 3j) , r2 = -2i + 4j + k(2i - j) and r3 = 4i + k(7i - 24j) A fourth force F4 is introduced which reduces the...
  42. A

    Equivalent resistance of a section of a graphite ring

    I considered that the lengths of pi/4 and 3pi/4 would be in parallel: 1/R = 1/30 + 1/10 R = 7,5 ohm But the answer is 30 ohm. Where am I missing and how do I calculate the potential of the voltmeter.
  43. chriscarson

    How come 7,271,000 mm^3 is equivalent to 7,271 cm^3 ?

    how come 7271000mm3 is equivalent to 7271cm3) ? from mm to cm you should go back two zeros back right ?
  44. S

    I Is there any matrix equivalent for the Clifford product?

    Well, the question is in the title.
  45. E

    Chemistry Equivalent of Irodov for Chemistry?

    I need to brush up on some Chemistry over Summer, and I wondered if anyone knew of some problem books pitched at a similar level to Irodov's problem book for Physics, or things like IChO questions. Preferably it would include all of physical, inorganic and organic, to some degree. I get various...
  46. naftacher

    Struggling to find the equivalent capacitance of this circuit

    I asserted C3, C4, and C5 to be in series. **I found the capacitance of "C3-4-5" to be 1.67x10-6 F. This I did by using 1/C = 1/C3 + 1/C4 + 1/C5 Then I noticed that I had another series circuit of "C3-4-5" and C1, and C2. Again, I used a similar formula. I obtained an equivalent capacitance of...
  47. M

    MHB Prove that the statements are equivalent

    Hey! 😊 Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and let $V$ be a $\mathbb{K}$-vector space. Let $1\leq k\in \mathbb{N}$ and let $U_1, \ldots , U_k\leq_{\mathbb{K}}V$ be subspaces of $V$. Let $d_i:=\dim_{\mathbb{K}}U_i$ and $\mathcal{B}_i:=(b_{i,1}, \ldots , b_{i, d_i})$. Show that...
  48. S

    Finding Equivalent Resistance Using Symmetry and Kirchhoff's Laws

    By the use of symmetry, I have found that equal currents will flow through opposite edges like A-C and C'A', but still, the use of kirchhoffs current and voltage laws lead to four equations in four variables which I am not able to solve, neither I am sure that the four equations which I have...
  49. M

    Conversion to fuel economy in equivalent MPG using kcal/h and mi/h

    So I'm guessing we need our end unit to be in MPG? a) walking ( 220 kcal/ 1 hr )⋅ ( 1hr / 3 mile ) = 73 .3 kcal/mi⋅⋅ (73 .3 kcal/ 1 mile) ⋅ (4,186 J/1 kcal) = 3,06833.8 J/mi (1.30 x 10^8 J/ 1 gal)(1 mile / 3,06833.8 J) = 423.68 MPG b) bicycling Not sure as it says,"...when riding at 10.0...
  50. Kaushik

    Equivalent Capacitance Between X and Y in this capacitor circuit

    This is the problem. If someone asks you this question, how would you solve it? I am finding it really tough to solve when the circuit gets a bit complex. It would be nice if you share what exactly you'll do to solve complex circuits such as this (the algorithm).
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