Geometrical Definition and 144 Threads

Can someone please explain me the rationale for the terms circled in red on the attached copy of page 400 of "Riley, Hobson, Bence - Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering, 3rd edition"? Thank you. Mentor Note: approved - it is only a single book page, so no copyright issue.

Let's say we have a point source of an EM wave in a vacuum of total energy E, and an absorber atom at some distance from this source, whose first excited state is at the energy B, with B < or = E. The energy of the wave is constant as a whole, but at each point around the source the energy...

Read this in my textbook:- The reason Geometrical optics works in case of formation of shadows, reflection and rarefaction is that the wavelength of light is much smaller compared to the reflecting/refracting surfaces as well as shadow causing objects that we use in day-to-day life. I...

One poster is a strong promoter of Deur and Deur theory of how to get MOND out of GR via self-interaction and analogy to QCD. There is intense skepticism of Deur's approach, which has 0 citations other than the author. I saw this paper, High Energy Physics - Theory...

α=30°; l=0.5 m; n1=1; n2=1.33 α+β=90°, so β=90°-30°=60°. Using Snell's law: sinβ/sinγ = n2/n1 sinγ≈0.651 γ≈41°. β=γ+θ (vertical angles) θ=60°-41°=19° tan(θ+β)=l/h h=l/tan(θ+γ) h=0.5/(tan(19+41))≈0.289 m

I have recently started with geometric optics and I do not quite understand what this problem asks of me. According to the statement, the focal point of the lens would be -25.5cm, right? That is, it is only a problem of concepts where it is not necessary to take into account the radii of the...

My notes says that the geometrical meaning of $$|\vec v \times \vec w | $$ is the perpendicular distance from point ##V## to line passing through ##O## and ##W## (all vectors are position vectors) $$|\vec v \times \vec w | = |\vec v| |\vec w| \sin \theta$$ From the picture, the perpendicular...

Hello, I would like to calculate the orbital velocity using the geometrical way of reasoning. But I have a hard time to understand and apply some basics into my calculations. The reasoning is pretty simple. After some time: dt ,the particle travels the distance: Vtot1 * dt = R*sinθ (see the...

I am looking for math books that focus on geometrical interpretations. Sadly most of the modern books lack these interpretations and only consists out of theorems and proofs. It seems to me that most modern mathematicians are pure left-brain sequential thinkers that do not have a lot of...

dP = F dt dE = F dr or if we introduce ds = (dt, dr) (dP, dE) = F ds And both dP and dE are constant in closed system. Some questions: - How does its implies on definition of Force? - Is there some clever geometrical interpretation of Force? - Why P and E seems almost interchengable?

Does anyone have any experience with this book? https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3527406832/?tag=pfamazon01-20

A large cirlcle with radius 50 m contains a smaller circle with radius 7.4 m that is tangent to its surface internally. Is it possible to calculate what number of the small circle the larger circle can contain iside it in which all are tangent to its surface ... but without using trig. Functions

Given a triangle ABC and a point M inside the triangle ,draw perpendiculars MZ,MD,ME at the sides AB,BC,AC respectively. Then prove:\frac{AB}{MZ}+\frac{AC}{ME}+\frac{BC}{MD}\geq\frac{2t}{r} Where t is half the perimeter of the triangle and r is the radius of the inscribed circle

Are there theorems for sufficient and necessary conditions for the vanishing of Berry and/or Wilzeck-Zee phases for a given quantum mechanical system?

Assume all the usual things for the usual things for the geometric phases: A Hamiltonian that depend on external parameters, Adiabatic evolution, cyclic evolution in parameter space and all that If through the evolution in parameter space there is no energy level crossing, then a eigenvector of...

This question is about 2-d surfaces embedded inR3It's easy to find information on how the metric tensor changes when $$x_{\mu}\rightarrow x_{\mu}+\varepsilon\xi(x)$$ So, what about the variation of the second fundamental form, the Gauss and the mean curvature? how they change? I found some...

{Moderators note: thread split from https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/a-geometrical-view-of-time-dilation-and-the-twin-paradox-comments.842793 } I am a novice about relativity, but I found this convoluted and very difficult to follow. I think the lengths in the different coordinate systems...

I can't see how the textbook produces the following relationships between angles: $$ \theta = \phi + \alpha \qquad (1)$$ $$ 2\theta = \alpha + \alpha ' \qquad (2)$$ My thinking is that the exterior angle theorem for triangles was used to create expression ##(1)##, but I am unsure as to how...

Homework Statement Among the following, which should be the most stable compound? 1)Cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol 2)Trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol 3)Cis-cyclohexane-1,3-diol 4)Trans-cyclohexane-1,3-diolHomework Equations -- The Attempt at a Solution My thought process is-cis isomers with adjacent OH...

Homework Statement The angles in triangle ABC form an increasing arithmetic sequence. The ratio of angles A:B:C can be written in the form 185:370:555 respectively. You are told that the total area of the triangle is 9 Length BC is Given the area of...

Let's just talk about unit quaternions. I know that $$\left(\cos{\frac{\theta}{2}}+v\sin{\frac{\theta}{2}}\right)\cdot p \cdot \left(\cos{\frac{\theta}{2}}-v\sin{\frac{\theta}{2}}\right)$$ where ##p## and ##v## are purely imaginary quaternions, gives another purely imaginary quaternion which...

Show geometrically that if |z|=1 then, $Im[z/(z+1)^2]=0$ I am unsure how to begin this problem. I have sketched out |z|=1 but can't work out how to sketch the Imaginary part of the question.

Hey all, 2 weeks ago I created a challenge to create a geometrical diagram, like a triangle, that is somehow interesting or impressive. Now the moment of truth is here. Please everyone, give your vote! Voting will close in 2 weeks time. Let me recap the submissions.I like Serena...

Who can make the most impressive, interesting, or pretty TikZ picture? This first challenge is to create a geometrical diagram, like a triangle, that is somehow interesting or impressive. We might make it a very complicated figure, or an 'impossible' figure, or use pretty TikZ embellishments...

In 'Introduction to Electrodynamics' by Griffiths, in the section of explaining the Gradient operator, it is stated a theorem of partial derivatives is: $$ dT = (\delta T / \delta x) \delta x + (\delta T / \delta y) \delta y + (\delta T / \delta z) \delta z $$ Further he goes onto say: $$ dT =...

Is it true that one straight line goes through only 2 points?? If no then how ?? If yes then why??

Hi All, Mr. James Grime from Numberphile channel has said () that the Euler´s number e has basically nothing to do with geometry. I would like to know if there is any derivation of e based on geometrical arguments. Best Regards, DaTario

Hello! I will be attending a course on condensed matter physics with emphasis on geometrical phases and I was wondering if the are any good books on gauge transformations, gauge symmetry and geometrical phases that you know of. Thanks in advance!

This is maybe one of my greatest gripes with QM, I have never seen a geometrical description of it. What I mean by geometrical, is a description of the given object in the 3D world we live in, not a description in Hilbert Space, is such a description even possible in principle? I've been...

Hey! How could we describe geometrically the vectors that are orthogonal to the Vector $(-4,1,-3)$ ?

I'm reading an old book about Thales (Greek geometry), and I can't understand what the next part means, and how to represent it graphically, could you help me? thanks: It begin stating that if you divide an equilateral traingle with a perpendicular from a vertex on the opposite side, it'll be...

As I understand it, the notion of a distance between points on a manifold ##M## requires that the manifold be endowed with a metric ##g##. In the case of ordinary Euclidean space this is simply the trivial identity matrix, i.e. ##g_{\mu\nu}=\delta_{\mu\nu}##. In Euclidean space we also have that...

I do not get the conceptual difference between Riemann and Ricci tensors. It's obvious for me that Riemann have more information that Ricci, but what information? The Riemann tensor contains all the informations about your space. Riemann tensor appears when you compare the change of the sabe...

Homework Statement A spherical surface of roc 10 cm separates 2 media x and y of refractive indices 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. Centre of the spherical surface lies in the denser medium. An object is placed i x medium. For image to be real, the object distance must be ---- A) >90 cm B) <90 cm...

Homework Statement A container with a layer of water (n=1.33) of 5 cm thick is over a block of acrylic (n=1.5) of 3 cm thick. An observer watches (perpendicularly from above) the lowest surface of the acrylic. What distance does it (the bottom surface) seems to be from the top of the water...

Hello, I would like to obtain a book that has to do with geometrical methods/subjects for physicists. When i say geometrical methods/subjects i mean things like Topology, Differential Geometry etc. Thanks!

Hello, A friend of mine gave me this puzzle and I'd like to share it with you, math enthusiasts: Two ladders intersect in a point O, the first ladder is 3m long and the second one 2m. O is 1m from the ground, that is AC = 2, BD = 3 and OE = 1 (see the image bellow) Question: what's the value...

Hi, I have an interesting problem. I have three GPS coordinates, creating two lines across the surface of a sphere (assuming the Earth is spherical). I want to be able to create a new line (across the surface of a sphere) with a gradient that is in between the gradient of the two existing...

I want to try and see the intersection between the hyperboloid and the 2-plane giving an ellipse. So far I have the following: I'm going to work with ##AdS_3## for simplicity which is the hyperboloid given by the surface (see eqn 10 in above notes for reason) ##X_0^2-X_1^2-X_2^2+X_3^2=L^2## If...

Orodruin submitted a new PF Insights post A Geometrical View of Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox Continue reading the Original PF Insights Post.

I am seeing in "slow motion" the development of vectorial system. I am reading the book "A History of Vector Analysis" (by Michael J.Crowe); it seems from my acquaintance that the vector concept came from the quaternions concept; and the quaternions concept came from the act of search for...

What would be the position an image formed by a Lens or a mirror if the object is not kept on the principal axis?

This is just a random thought, may be totally wrong. Euclidean geometry was originally described as a constructive theory in which the axioms state the existence (and implied uniqueness) of certain geometrical figures. These constructions are the ones that can be done with two concrete tools: a...

What is the geometrical meaning of ##\nabla\times\nabla T=0##? The gradient of T(x,y,z) gives the direction of maximum increase of T. The Curl gives information about how much T curls around a given point. So the equation says "gradient of T at a point P does not Curl around P. To know about...

How do you use Fermat's principle of least time to explain various concepts in geometrical optics?

I know Astrophysics uses concepts like relativity etc. But I want to know does it uses wave optics or geometrical optics? The phenomenon of light,wave optics(reflection,refraction,polarization,diffraction and interference) that we see everyday, is used in Astrophysics? Or does it uses...

Hello! (Wave) We take into consideration the following ODE: $\left\{\begin{matrix} y'=2t &, 0 \leq t \leq 1 \\ y(0)=0 & \end{matrix}\right.$ Its solution is $y(t)=t^2$. The following graph shows geometrically how Euler's method work. $$y^{n+1}=y^n+hf(t^n,y^n)\\y^{n+1}=y^n+h \cdot 2 \cdot...

I need to perform geometry matching of curves (see http://www.tiikoni.com/tis/view/?id=c54d9b8 ). As it can be seen, the big problem is that curves might be rotated, though they have similar shape. Do I need to make curve fitting and look at the parameters of analytical models? But, I guess...

We have an advanced spectrometer in our geometrical optics lab! I'm seeking for any experiment in geometrical optics to include it!

Homework Statement Consider an triangle ABC with M as the middle point of the side AB. On the straight line through AB you put the angle ∠ ACM at A and the angle ∠ MCB at B. Now you have two new lines. The new lines should be on the same side of AB as C. Proof that the intersection point of the...