Nuclear magnetic resonance Definition and 60 Threads

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are perturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field (in the near field) and respond by producing an electromagnetic signal with a frequency characteristic of the magnetic field at the nucleus. This process occurs near resonance, when the oscillation frequency matches the intrinsic frequency of the nuclei, which depends on the strength of the static magnetic field, the chemical environment, and the magnetic properties of the isotope involved; in practical applications with static magnetic fields up to ca. 20 tesla, the frequency is similar to VHF and UHF television broadcasts (60–1000 MHz). NMR results from specific magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is widely used to determine the structure of organic molecules in solution and study molecular physics and crystals as well as non-crystalline materials. NMR is also routinely used in advanced medical imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The most commonly used nuclei are 1H and 13C, although isotopes of many other elements can be studied by high-field NMR spectroscopy as well. In order to interact with the magnetic field in the spectrometer, the nucleus must have an intrinsic nuclear magnetic moment and angular momentum. This occurs when an isotope has a nonzero nuclear spin, meaning an odd number of protons and/or neutrons (see Isotope). Nuclides with even numbers of both have a total spin of zero and are therefore NMR-inactive.
A key feature of NMR is that the resonance frequency of a particular sample substance is usually directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field. It is this feature that is exploited in imaging techniques; if a sample is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field then the resonance frequencies of the sample's nuclei depend on where in the field they are located. Since the resolution of the imaging technique depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient, many efforts are made to develop increased gradient field strength.
The principle of NMR usually involves three sequential steps:

The alignment (polarization) of the magnetic nuclear spins in an applied, constant magnetic field B0.
The perturbation of this alignment of the nuclear spins by a weak oscillating magnetic field, usually referred to as a radio-frequency (RF) pulse. The oscillation frequency required for significant perturbation is dependent upon the static magnetic field (B0) and the nuclei of observation.
The detection of the NMR signal during or after the RF pulse, due to the voltage induced in a detection coil by precession of the nuclear spins around B0. After an RF pulse, precession usually occurs with the nuclei's intrinsic Larmor frequency and, in itself, does not involve transitions between spin states or energy levels.The two magnetic fields are usually chosen to be perpendicular to each other as this maximizes the NMR signal strength. The frequencies of the time-signal response by the total magnetization (M) of the nuclear spins are analyzed in NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Both use applied magnetic fields (B0) of great strength, often produced by large currents in superconducting coils, in order to achieve dispersion of response frequencies and of very high homogeneity and stability in order to deliver spectral resolution, the details of which are described by chemical shifts, the Zeeman effect, and Knight shifts (in metals). The information provided by NMR can also be increased using hyperpolarization, and/or using two-dimensional, three-dimensional and higher-dimensional techniques.
NMR phenomena are also utilized in low-field NMR, NMR spectroscopy and MRI in the Earth's magnetic field (referred to as Earth's field NMR), and in several types of magnetometers.

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    Usage of absorption and magnitude mode spectra in nuclear magnetic resonance

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  5. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 1: Introduction to NMR spectroscopy

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 1: Introduction to NMR spectroscopy

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  6. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 2: The alignment of nuclear spins in presence of magnetic field

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 2: The alignment of nuclear spins in presence of magnetic field

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  7. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 3: Introduction to rotating frame

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 3: Introduction to rotating frame

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  8. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 4: Introduction to rotating frame

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 4: Introduction to rotating frame

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  9. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 5: NMR Hardware

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 5: NMR Hardware

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  10. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 6: The concept of chemical shift

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 6: The concept of chemical shift

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  11. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 7: Factors that affect chemical shifts

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 7: Factors that affect chemical shifts

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  12. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 8: Chemical shift referencing

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 8: Chemical shift referencing

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  13. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 9: J- coupling

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 9: J- coupling

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  14. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 10: Recap of basics

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 10: Recap of basics

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  15. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 11: Introduction to general one dimensional NMR experiment

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 11: Introduction to general one dimensional NMR experiment

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  16. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 12: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment I

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 12: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment I

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  17. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 13: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment II

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 13: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment II

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  18. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 14: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment III

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 14: Practical aspects of recording a 1D NMR experiment III

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  19. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 15: NMR Data processing

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 15: NMR Data processing

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  20. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 16: Basic aspects of 1D proton NMR analysis

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 16: Basic aspects of 1D proton NMR analysis

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  21. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 17: Analysis of an example 1D proton spectrum

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 17: Analysis of an example 1D proton spectrum

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  22. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 18: Analysis of 1D 1H NMR spectra of molecules I

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 18: Analysis of 1D 1H NMR spectra of molecules I

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  23. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 19: Analysis of 1D 1H NMR spectra of molecules II

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 19: Analysis of 1D 1H NMR spectra of molecules II

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  24. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 20: 1D 13C NMR

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 20: 1D 13C NMR

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  25. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 21: Why do we need 2D NMR

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 21: Why do we need 2D NMR

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  26. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 22: A qualitative explanation of how 2D NMR experiment works

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 22: A qualitative explanation of how 2D NMR experiment works

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  27. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 23: Principles of 2D COSY and Total correlation spectroscopy (2D TOCSY)

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 23: Principles of 2D COSY and Total correlation spectroscopy (2D TOCSY)

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  28. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 24: 2D NOE-spectroscopy

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 24: 2D NOE-spectroscopy

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  29. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 25: 2D NOESY and 2D ROESY

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 25: 2D NOESY and 2D ROESY

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  30. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 26: What is heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 26: What is heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy

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  31. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 27: Sensitivity enhancement of heternuclei via polarization transfer

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 27: Sensitivity enhancement of heternuclei via polarization transfer

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  32. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 28: Heteronucler multiple(2D HMQC) and single quantum NMR spectroscopy (2D HSQC)

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 28: Heteronucler multiple(2D HMQC) and single quantum NMR spectroscopy (2D HSQC)

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  33. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 29: Practical aspects of recording and processing 2D HMQC or HSQC

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 29: Practical aspects of recording and processing 2D HMQC or HSQC

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  34. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture :30 HMBC and its utility

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture :30 HMBC and its utility

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  35. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 31: 2D HSQC TOCSY and its analysis with examples

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 31: 2D HSQC TOCSY and its analysis with examples

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  36. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 32: Structure determination of molecules by NMR

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 32: Structure determination of molecules by NMR

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  37. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 33: Structure determination of peptides I

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 33: Structure determination of peptides I

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  38. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 34: Structure determination of peptides II

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 34: Structure determination of peptides II

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  39. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 35: Structure determination of peptides III

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 35: Structure determination of peptides III

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  40. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 36: Chemical exchange

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 36: Chemical exchange

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  41. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 37: Hydrogen or deuterium exchange

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 37: Hydrogen or deuterium exchange

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  42. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 38: Diffusion ordered spectroscopy DOSY I

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 38: Diffusion ordered spectroscopy DOSY I

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  43. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 39: DOSY II

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 39: DOSY II

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  44. NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 40: STD NMR for drug target interactions

    NMR Spectroscopy by Prof. Hanudatta S. Atreya (NPTEL):- Lecture 40: STD NMR for drug target interactions

    All copyright strictly reserved to Prof. Atreya and NPTEL, Govt. of India. COURSE WEBSITE: https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=J3W-BvVF9P_QSjr1ljVg8I2O_Bl8MTUyNDU4NDYyMEAxNTI0NDk4MjIw&event=playlist_description&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nptel.ac.in%2Fcourses%2F104108078%2F10
  45. D

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    Homework Statement J-coupling term between two spins is HJ = ħJ/4 σz(1) σz(2) In the measured magnetization spectrum of the spins, this leads to the splitting of the individual spin lines by frequency J, which we’ll now derive. We can write the magnetization of spin 1 as: <M1(t)> =...
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    Can i cause NMR with a simple slayer exiter (Tesla coil)?

    hello guys i saw a slayer exciter circuit , witch is the crude more simpler version of the tesla coil and i made it , it works quite well but i have some questions. some questions : 1 - how strong is the magnetic field caused by this tesla coil ? it can ionize neon gas , or argon ? 2 - i...
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    Help with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

    Please explain Nuclear Magnetic resonance and how it is applied to other fields? I know it has to do with magnetic field around atoms and stuff like spectroscopy and imaging. But please correct me and please go in dept with Nuclear magnetic resonance.
  48. Domenico94

    Where Can I Find Detailed Information about Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Machines?

    Hi everyone. I'm just looking for an online description of the nuclear magnetic resonance machine, with explanations of all components, and their physical principles...anyone can help me? Giving me any link to a website talking about it? In addiction, could be this be a valid topic for a...
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    The Earth as its own nuclear magnetic resonance machine

    My physics buddy and I have been having a debate. I was claiming that even under the natural Earth's magnetic field that with good signal to noise ratio based on the radar systems scaled appropriately the top layers of the Earth could be seen. He claimed that the signal to noise ratio of the T1...
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