References Definition and 143 Threads

Reference is a relationship between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. It is called a name for the second object. The second object, the one to which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object. A name is usually a phrase or expression, or some other symbolic representation. Its referent may be anything – a material object, a person, an event, an activity, or an abstract concept.
References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other, spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases, methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of them are described in the sections below.

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  1. H

    Can Sci-Fi Writers Use Real Science to Enhance Their Stories?

    I am writing a (hard!) Sci-Fi novel and am considering capturing some of my research in references. I would welcome any suggestions as to online resources that pull together across all science (+ physics) disciplines the sort of subject materials I would likely need. Idea is to focus somehow...
  2. yucheng

    A References: continuum approximation of discrete sums?

    Is there more references for how accurate is the continuum approximation to discrete sums? Perhaps more mathematical. What I've found: https://lonitch.github.io/Sum-to-Int/ https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.10941.pdf Some examples are: Sum to integral $$\sum_{\mathbf{k}} \to 2 \left ( \frac{L}{2...
  3. A

    Where Can I Find Up-to-Date Resources for Studying MOND Theory?

    Can you recommend papers and books to study MOND? I know that a lot of MOND theories have been ruled out by recent observations, so I don't know where to start without wasting time studying from outdated references. I know GR from Carroll's book and cosmology from "Physical Foundations Of...
  4. binbagsss

    LaTeX References format in beamer, LaTeX

    When I am citing references in beamer they are coming out as listing the author, I just want it to give a number instead. This is the code I am using, and, this is how my references and the citation are currently displaying. Many thanks in advance ! Relevant code in the document for...
  5. The Bill

    Other Is there a good tool to get titles of lists of references?

    I've noticed that a lot of papers these days don't include titles in their references. This grates on me, since it makes an article hard to use to survey what references are often used in a particular area. Often, what I want to do is retrieve a dozen articles in a field and compare their...
  6. U

    Help with identifying a reference for the time-invariant Kaluza-Klein metric

    Homework Statement:: Please see below. Relevant Equations:: Please see below. I am trying to find a reference to a textbook or a paper that details the following time-invariance Kaluza-Klein metric: \begin{equation}...
  7. L

    Engineering calculations as a deliverable: standards and references

    My question relates mainly to mechncial engineering but I guess the general principle may apply elsewhere. Up until now I have mainly been an engineer on the customer side (marine and offshore) , reviewing contractor reports, "sense checking" them and general engineering firefighting and...
  8. T

    References on Artificial Volcanos

    I'm looking for good research papers on artificial volcanos for geonegineering. I've tried google scholar but can't seem to find any papers on them. I've heard of the SPICE project but can't find any related publications.
  9. Twigg

    Most stable, lowest noise voltage references?

    Summary says it all, I think. If you just want to link me to a bunch of papers, that's fine by me. All I was able to find out on my own is that mouser and digikey have a lot of off-the-shelf voltage references they want to sell me that get about order of ##10^4## SNR at those timescales. SNR...
  10. A

    I References for Hamiltonian field theory and Dirac Brackets

    I'm looking for complete and detailed references on constrained Hamiltonian systems and Dirac brackets. While my main interest is electrodynamics, I would prefer a complete exposition of the theory from the ground up. So far, my knowledge about the topic comes from books in QFT, like Weinberg...
  11. Ssnow

    Quantum References for generalized canonical commutation relations

    Hi to all, I ask if somebody of the Physics community know good references for article where the author works with generalized canonical commutation relations ( I mean that the author works with ##[x,p]=ic\hbar## with ##c## a real constant instead of ##[x,p]=i\hbar##). Thank you for the answers...
  12. U

    Koopman–von Neumann mechanics references

    Hello everyone, I am new here. I am studying physics as a self-taught student. I have been studying classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics from Goldstein's book and have read that there is an additional formulation of classical mechanics in Hilbert spaces. Is it worth studying? Do you...
  13. M

    I Decoherence references and a question about the measurement problem

    Couple questions here. 1. What do you think is the best source to read about decoherence, both from an intuitive/high level pov, but also with mathematical details. I'd partially read a recommended paper by Schlosshauer a while back, is that still the bible for this? 2. If probabilities in...
  14. jim mcnamara

    Food labels and nutrition references

    US References: https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx DRI provides basic nutritional intake guidelines. There are extensive tables broken out by nutrient, by age and by gender. Terminology: USDA Food data central (FDC) https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ The EU...
  15. Hiero

    I Looking for references on this form of a Taylor series

    I was trying to find this form of the Taylor series online: $$\vec f(\vec x+\vec a) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!}(\vec a \cdot \nabla)^n\vec f(\vec x)$$ But I can’t find it anywhere. Can someone confirm it’s validity and/or provide any links which mention it? It seems quite powerful to be...
  16. Mark44

    C/C++ C++ swap routines: pointers vs. references

    @sysprog posted this code for a nifty swap function that uses XOR in another thread in this section. This put me in mind of a couple of swap routines that I did awhile back: one with references and one with pointers. Unlike the example above, both routines do use a third memory location. Rather...
  17. D

    Voltage using different references

    The problem is for a solid sphere uniformly charged with Q and radii R. First I calculated taked ##V(\infty)=0##, giving me for : $$ \begin{align*} V(r)=&\frac{3Q}{8\pi\varepsilon_0 R}-\frac{Q}{8\pi\varepsilon_0 R^3}r^2\qquad\text{if $r<R$}\\ V(r)=&\frac{Q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 r}\quad\text{if...
  18. Haorong Wu

    I Acceleration Frame in SR: References for Research

    Hi. I am looking for some references of acceleration frame in SR, such as an accelerating rocket problem. I have some equations regarding the time, distance, velocity measured in the Earth frame, etc. But the reference I have does not provide the derivation of those equations, so I need some...
  19. S

    Textbooks to be used as references for classical electromagnetism

    Summary:: I need to add references for several classical electromagnetism concepts, I would like to know which books deal with these concepts. Recently a paper about classical electromagnetism that I had submitted was rejected, among other reasons because it contained many references to...
  20. Benjamin_harsh

    How Far is the Boat From its Original Position?

    A boat goes upstream for 3 hr 30 min and then goes downstream for 2 hr 30 min. If the speed of the current and the speed of the boat in still water are 10/3 kmph and 15/2 kmph respectively, how far from its original position is the boat now? With reference to ground, the water travels...
  21. T

    Relativity Any good references on the thermodynamics of black holes?

    So, for the end of this semester's introductory couse in General Relativity (undergrad) I have to do a project on "The analogy between the mechanical laws on a black hole and the laws of thermodynamics". I couldn't find much (at least on my own) about this particular topic in my university's...
  22. T

    Admissions Citations and References in Statement of Purpose

    Hey! Applying for physics PhD programs this fall and thinking about my statement. There's some really specific experiments/work being done I'm interested in. Is it acceptable if I put a few citations down? Such as: "I'm really in interested in tests of yada yada[1] and experiments such as blah...
  23. KonaGorrila

    References for Building a Website

    Aloha guys, just looking for advice on some of the better pathways, courses etc. to learn how to develop and build my own website for business purposes. Any suggestions or advice would be appreciated. Thanks
  24. Eclair_de_XII

    Math I need references to apply for a summer internship but....

    ...I feel very uncomfortable asking any of the teachers who have taught the classes I have taken so far. There was one teacher who I was considering asking to be one of my two references. I have already tried e-mailing him even though he has left the university, but he did not reply; whether it...
  25. Q_Goest

    What are the best references for neurogenesis?

    Hi all... I'm working on a paper and would like to reference an authoritative article that reviews or presents breakthrough data showing neurogenesis occurs in the human brain (not just animals) and perhaps also the relationship between neurogenesis and plasticity. I found a few articles that...
  26. O

    Hydraulic Head Loss (minor) loss coefficient References?

    Hi all, Quick question: What do you guys use as your reference for minor head loss coefficients (k). I'm sure those with more experience have their own database/excels of k values found over the years. I have been personally using a combination of my Hydraulic Engineering Textbook and Google...
  27. A

    A Gravity Field Theory in Flat Space Time: Best References

    Besides the Feynman lectures on gravitation, I'm looking for modern and complete treatments of the topic of classical gravitation as a field theory in flat space time. Any suggestion?
  28. Marc Samarra

    Need references for magnetic force vs distance/angle topic

    Hi, i'm finishing my final degree project, it's about a new type of pallet conveyor dragged by magnets. I know for a fact that magentic force is inversely proportional to the distance squared, and I've designed and built my prototype with that in mind. Now I'm writing my final report and i need...
  29. W

    A References Request: Factor Analysis on Non-Continuous Variables

    Hi All, I need to do some work on Factor Analysis on Non-Continuous variables. I have searched the web, but found nothing of much substance. I would appreciate references on helpful sources on it. Thanks.
  30. B

    Other Question about writing a scientific paper

    I am currently writing my first scientific paper, but I've never really had any proper training on the specifics of writing one particularly in citing references. The scenario is this: Say I'm reading paper A that wrote about result X which was cited from paper B. I also want to cite result X...
  31. R

    Coefficient of friction of various materials not listed in standard references

    I'm interested in finding out what the coefficient of friction would be for a few different materials such as:Copper on aluminum Copper on graphite graphite on aluminum I'm not sure if it matters if the order is reversed such as Aluminum on copper vs copper on aluminum.. also I've seen that...
  32. nomadreid

    Style for references and bibliography

    I have found that the bibliographies in my professional peer-reivewed print journals all follow the guidelines for the order as given in the standard style guides (Chicago, MLA, APA, etc.) : that is, in the alphabetical order of the surnames. However, in arXiv articles (which are not...
  33. G

    References on thermal power stations and supercritical technology

    Hi. This is technically an assignment question, but it's not really a problem that I have to solve. It's more of an investigation so I thought this would be a more appropriate place to discuss it. The question basically asks you to compare the thermodynamic cycle of water in a typical thermal...
  34. S

    Studying What electronics references do you use?

    I'm about to go to uni and want to develop a more professional understanding of electronics as I'm a hobbyist at the moment. Obviously there is a lot of information online, but it always seems rather incomplete. There also seem to be a lot of books around, but there is always the problem of...
  35. qnach

    I Original references for Hertz's experiments

    There are many website about the apparatus of Hertz's experiments, i.e. http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_HERTZ.HTM http://earlyradiohistory.us/1901hz.htm http://people.seas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/nu_lectures/lecture6/hertz/Hertz_exp.html There are many pictures showing the apparatus of...
  36. C

    LaTeX Latex Cross References, citations etc not working

    Hi, not sure if this is the correct section so feel free to move if needed. First time using latex to create a pdf here, having trouble getting cross-references and citations to work. They just appear in the text as question marks. I got my bibliography to work, using Bibtex, but when using...
  37. K

    Thoughts Experiment about Frame of References

    Homework Statement The Observer (me) is at Inertial Frame of Reference: 1) I am sitting at a car moving east v=30 km/h relative to earth A bird flying east v = 10 km/h relative to earth What is the speed of bird for me? 2) I am sitting at a car moving east v=30 km/h relative to earth A bird...
  38. R

    Other Is there a limit on the number of references for a PhD......

    ... literature review that we are thinking of attempting to publish? The review will be around 20,000 words and currently I have around 16000 words and 230 references, which seems quite a lot, is there a limit to how many references are present in a published review? This is not a thesis, but...
  39. fluidistic

    LaTeX Changing the order of references using bibtex to sequential

    Hi people, I'm having a very hard time to sort the references sequentially in my latex document. Right now my text is displayed as "blabla... [13] blabla... blabla... [6]" , so that I get [13] and [6] instead of [1] and [2]. I use bibtex and here's a simplification of the format I use...
  40. A

    References for tunneling decay in magnetic fields

    I'm looking for introductory references to the topic of time of tunnelling decay when besides the potential barrier there is also a magnetic field present. I have found a couple of articles about the topic but they treat complicated cases in condensed matter, I'm more interested in the basic of...
  41. I

    Any good references on DNA profiling statistic methods?

    I'm looking for papers or other references on DNA profiling statistics. Something comprehensive that covers the whole shebang. I kind of troubled by some of the match probabilities being linked to "race" i.e. Caucasian. I'm not even sure what Caucasian even means scientifically. What happens...
  42. meyol99

    Can I publish paper without references?

    I'm afraid my science papers represent something new and there are no citations and references. Any advice ? Can I publish paper without references ?
  43. H

    ##\overline{MS}## in scalar theory references

    Does anyone know any good references for discussion of ##\overline{MS}## theory in phi^4 theory?
  44. I

    Calc 2 References for Winter Break?

    Hey everyone, I am winding down of finals next week, and will be off of school for a month. I was planning on beginning Calculus 2 over winter break to get a head start, and I don't want to lose the information I've already learned. We left off on U-Substitution on some basic integrals. I was...
  45. M

    References for Self Study in de Rham Cohomology

    I've been trying to self study the section on de Rham cohomology in Guillemin and Pollack's book Differential Topology. The section is in a sense hands on: most of the results are presented as exercises scattered throughout the section, and some hints are given. I've hit a road block in a few of...
  46. T

    What should I do? References for PhD

    Hi all, I'm currently applying for PhD/CDT positions, and I have one reference who is a great Professor who like has his own significant theorem and let's me know when they've come and tells me to pester him to send them. The other is an Professor in America (I'm in the UK) whose obscenely...
  47. R

    Coefficient of restitution in different frames of references

    To simplify my question I would like to use a random example (although, the issue holds regardless of the numbers you pick). Suppose two objects collide (head-on) in one dimension. The initial parameters are as follows (units are irrelevant): m1=1;m2=2;u1=3;u2=-4; Also, suppose that exactly...
  48. M

    Inertial Frames of Reference - Understanding Special Relativity for 11-Year-Olds

    I'm 11 and I'm trying understand what Special Relativity is about. How many different inertial frames of reference do we have and what are they?? I know what it means.
  49. Kevin McHugh

    Linear Algebra Exploring Groups and Symmetry: A Beginner's Guide

    Hi folks, I know nothing about groups or symmetry. Could anyone recommend a good introduction that defines groups and explains their notation and operations? I am particularly interested in general, orthogonal, and unitary groups. Thanks in advance. Kevin
  50. C

    Looking For (Academic) References About How the LHC Works

    I'm currently writing a paper for a small class called "Contemporary Physics" and I am writing about particle accelerators and the search for the Higgs Boson. I have a fairly good idea about how the Large Hadron Collider works, but I cannot use my own explanation alone as I need references to...
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