Refractive index Definition and 280 Threads

Hi everyone, I am wondering, can I use the damped wave approximation for light travelling through a medium along with Beers law to spectroscopically determine a colloid complex refractive index. Thanks! Absorbance = exp (- 2πkx/λ) = ecl

The refractive index of tissue is approx. 1.4 for light, but with with lower frequencies the refractive index decreases. What is the tissue refractive index for radio waves 1 Hz - 1 MHz?

I am interested in experimenting with AR lenses and one of the main technologies is a waveguide. They rely on total internal reflection, which needs light to go from a higher to lower refractive index medium. I am reading that current AR lenses use an outer layer with a lower refractive index to...

Hi, I've attached the photo of the diagram, a photo of my drawings on the diagram. for a): Since the prism is an equalateral triangle, all angles inside the prism is 60°. This means the angle adjacent to α is 180° - 60° = 120°, which means the last angle is 180° - 24.5° - 120° = 35.5°. The...

I got this question from my son last night. If you Google "Why is Cherenkov radiation blue", you get this: Somewhat more substantial is the Wiki article on the Frank-Tamm formula. That formula ties the Cherenkov radiation wavelengths to the transmission characteristics at any specified...

It's been stated that the index of refraction of materials varies with frequency throughout the EM spectrum. What are the index of refraction for various materials in the radio frequency?

Answer: I already found the answer for Sin theta 2 like the pic below But, I am still not sure about how to derive delta here. Can anyone show me they way? thank you

I was studying radio waves phenomenons and found this on Wikipedia: "Tropospheric ducting is a type of radio propagation that tends to happen during periods of stable, anticyclonic weather. In this propagation method, when the signal encounters a rise in temperature in the atmosphere instead of...

Hey all. Was wondering if anyone knew how I would go about determining the amount of reflectance that occurs when there is a gradual change in the refractive index. For example, if I have a material in air whose refractive index begins at e_r=1 (i.e. it matches the refractive index of the air)...

a) I managed to obtain some results that are roughly around what is given in the answers. Because \varepsilon_{st} and \varepsilon_{\infty} are values of \varepsilon_{1}, I used this approximation: n\approx \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (\varepsilon_{1}+\sqrt{\varepsilon_{1}^2})^{1/2} -> \varepsilon_{1} =...

Hello fellow physicists, I need to prove that when ##\omega << \omega_0##, Lorentz equation for refractive indexes: ##n^2(\omega) = 1 + \frac {\omega^2_p} {\omega^2_0 - \omega^2}## turns into Cauchy's empirical law: ##n(\lambda)=A+\frac B {\lambda^2}## I also need to express A and B as a...

Hello fellow users, I've been given the Lorentz model to calculate the refraction index of a dielectric, the formula in its simplest way states that: ##n^2(\omega) = 1 + \frac {\omega^2_p} {\omega^2_0 - \omega^2}## Where ##\omega_p## is the plasma frequency and ##\omega_0## is the resonance...

I once naively think that the speed of light is also a constant in a medium in all inertial frames which is not the case. I tried to derive the result yet there is a discrepancy from the results I read in some articles. For example, from [Link to unpublished paper redacted by the Mentors], the...

Solution: (delta (ϑ)) = -(minus delta n) /(n*sqrt((n^2-1)))

Hello there. I set up the problem like this, I have a wave incident from air on the anti-reflective coating consisting of: ##\tilde {\vec E_I} (z,t) = \tilde E_{0_I} e^{i(k_1z- \omega t)} \hat x## ##\tilde {\vec B_I} (z,t) = \frac 1 v \tilde E_{0_I} e^{i(k_1z- \omega t)} \hat y## This wave gets...

I don't understand why sometime for paper : Kramers-Kronig relations and sum rules of negative refractive index media for paper : A Differential Form of the Kramers-Kronig Relation for Determining a Lorentz-Type of Refractive Index* for paper : Comparison Among Several Numerical...

both "mew"(sorry i couldn't get the symbol on on my keyboard so I'm writing it😊) and n are used for depicting refractive index i want to know which is more relevant and is there any reason for it or which symbol should be used in what cases.

Refractive index of a medium is defined as : n = c / v; v is speed of light in medium. I believe n is never measured directly as here is no way to directly verify c / v. So what I guess is that all refractive index values are experimentally measured using n = sin α₁ / sin α₂. But then there is...

I want to make an experiment about the refractive index of ice but this time I want to use different temperatures. (for example with -15 C ice and with -1 C ice) When I tried to search on the internet I couldn't find any specific formula or any article because I guess I couldn't explain what I...

I've been playing around with this for quite some time now this morning but can't get the last bit out. I defined the time functional to be $$T[y] = \int_{x_1}^{x_2} \frac{\sqrt{1+(y')^{2}}}{c(y)} dx$$ which follows from consideration of the time taken to cover an infinitesimal section of arc. I...

Let's say that on the surface of the cladding we have evanescent field due to the total internal reflection between the core and the cladding. The refractive indices of the the core is 1.45 and the refractive index of the cladding is 1.4, and I want to use the gradient force of the evanescent...

In the image attached, How is it that the angle shown is 2A? And what exactly is the position of min deviation? Why does it have to be in the given position as shown? Thanks in advance!

Any one can help deduct the process to obtain the following equation? n= squart(ε*μ), n=refractive index, ε=relative permitivity, μ=relative magnetic permitivity. I am reading a book relating to spectroscopy, and saw the above equation. I am really interested how the scientists got this...

A thin lens has an upper radius of curvature 𝑅1 and a lower radius of curvature 𝑅2. When the lens is completely surrounded by air, it has a focal distance 𝑓. The lens is then placed in the interface between air and water inside a vessel (see figure). Calculate the refractive index for the glass...

For finding refractive index of a glass block, we use n=real-depth / apparent-depth For calculating apparent depth microscope is raised vertically until a clear focus is obtained of the underlying mark beneath the glass blob. Given that microscope is perpendicular to the mark, Wouldn't the...

I have not seen anything published siting a value, so being the curious type I was wondering if any has and what is the value? Also it would be nice to know at what Energy it is referenced to Thanks all, Bob

Dear Sir/Madam, Is the product of the refractive index of a medium and speed of light in the medium equal to the speed of light in vacuum? Thank You.

Hello all, I would like to know which of the above two methods used in determining concentration of a solution is more accurate? Thanks, KV

Mentor note: Thread moved from Adv. Physics Homework 1. Homework Statement Light is incident normally from air onto a liquid film that is on a glass plate. The liquid film is 174 nm thick, and the liquid has index of refraction 1.60. The glass has index of refraction n = 1.50. Calculate the...

1. A light ray in dense flint glass that has an index of refraction of 1.655 is incident to the glass surface. An UNKNOWN liquid condenses on the glass's surface. Total internal reflection on the glass-liquid interface occurs for a minimum angle of incidence on the glass-liquid interface at...

For class I conducted a experiment where I made sugar solutions, poured them into a glass prism container and used a laser pointer to find the refractive index. However, while typing in my results I realized I found the angle of deviation instead of the minimum angle of deviation since I didn't...

I've been doing an experiment where I've used prisms and a spectrometer to find the exact angles inside the prisms and the refractive index of the prisms by finding the minimum angle of deviation. I have attached a picture of the formula I've been using to find the refractive indices. Where...

Consider a thin transparent plate surrounded by air. The plate's refractive index is exactly the same as the air's, but it does have a small loss (say of the order of 1%). Let the plate be vertical and normal to our "page" or your computer screen. A laser beam passes through the plate at an...

Hello PF, I'm reading a paper for a project. In the paper they derive an equation for the effective refractive index ##n=\sqrt{\epsilon^{e} \mu^{e}}## of two stacked layers ##(n_1^2 = \epsilon_1 \mu_1, a)## and ##(n_2^2 = \epsilon_2 \mu_2, b)## where ##a,b## are the lengths and in my case...

Hello PF, first of all I don't know where to put this post as it's not exactly a homework question but a clarification question for a project. I'm going through the derivation of the effective permeability of two stacked medias, given the polarization of an incoming EM wave but I'm stuck at the...

Homework Statement A monochromatic plane wave with wavelength 500µm is propagating through a dissipative medium with refractive index 1-0.0002i. It approaching the edge of the medium, and will pass out into free space. If the angle of incidence is not 90°, how much will the wave deflect as it...

By observing that red is the outermost color of the rainbow it is possible to conclude the refractive index of water, n, is lower for red than for blue. However, why is n lower for red? This seems to be answered by the Drude dispersion model, with a resonance in the ultraviolet region, but I...

Is there a limit to how steep a refractive index gradient can be before ray optics are no longer able to predict the path of the light? How is it related to wavelength? Under what conditions the light will be able to travel perpendicular to the gradient In a straight line? (having diffrent index...

How does the relative permitivity and relative permeability related to the refractive index of a dielectic medium like water?

Homework Statement Given that the relative magnetic permeability and relative electric permeability of water are respectively, ##\mu_{rel}=1## and ##\epsilon=1.769## calculate the following 6 parameters. 1. Index of refraction of water ## n ## 2. speed of electromagnetic waves in water ## c...

Homework Statement Hello everyone ! I hope this is the correct place to ask. Here is my probem: I have to measure the refractive index and the thickness of the glass part of a mirror. The idea that I have, and that has been approved by my teachers, is the following: In order to measure the...

Homework Statement 2. Homework Equations 3. The Attempt at a Solution [/B] I tried to solve this question with the general formula n=sin i / sin r. 1.5 = sin 30/sin r, r = 19.4 = 19 which is option A. But option A is incorrect. Please guide me where am I wrong..

I wanted to know how do you control for changes in refractive index when you get the UV-Vis spectrum of an aqueous solution in a double beam spectrometer? Is that something the equipment does automatically? Or something I have to do? Also, how do these changes in refractive index occur? Thanks...

Anyone know the refractive index of a standard coaxial cable and have a traceable source?

Homework Statement Hello, I will post a picture below. An optical device consists of two glass blocks of different indices of refraction, arranged as shown in the picture. The refractive index from air to medium 1 is 1.2, and the refractive index from medium 1 to medium 2 is 1.25 If light is...

The velocity of light changes when it passes through a medium of a different refractive index. So let's suppose the light is traveling through a vacuum at a velocity c and then passes through a glass wall. Its velocity decreases while traveling through it but then speeds back up to c after...

Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I think that ## \frac { \sin \theta } {\sin \theta ' } = \frac { n_2} { n_1} ## I am taking the dielectric constant as 1 as the potential is 0 i.e. the medium is air.. So, ##n_1 = 1## For the 2nd medium, The dielectric...

Let's consider a simlified ionosphere. It is a cold plasma without magnetic field and without electron-neutral collisions. The refractive index for radio waves is nf=sqrt(1-(w/wp)^2) (w is the frequency of the radiwave, wp the plasma frequency). It easy to demonstrate that the group refraction...

Homework Statement A plano-convex lens has a focal length f= 0.2 m. The radius of curvature of the convex side of the lens has been determined to be 0.07 m and the radius of curvature of the flat side is assumed to be infinite. Calculate the refractive index of the lens. Homework Equations 1/f...