Revolution Definition and 412 Threads

In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic) or political incompetence. In book V of the Politics, the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) described two types of political revolution:

Complete change from one constitution to another
Modification of an existing constitution.Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy and socio-political institutions, usually in response to perceived overwhelming autocracy or plutocracy.
Scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center on several issues. Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective, but more modern examinations include global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences, including sociology and political science. Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions have generated many competing theories and contributed much to the current understanding of this complex phenomenon.
Notable revolutions in recent centuries include the creation of the United States through the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the French Revolution (1789–1799), the Spanish American wars of independence (1808–1826), the European Revolutions of 1848, the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Chinese Revolution of the 1940s, the Cuban Revolution in 1959, the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and the European Revolutions of 1989.

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  1. jedishrfu

    History Computer Revolution in 1983 Socialist Yugoslavia

    In 1983, a Yugoslavian engineer created a small computer that gave fellow Yugoslavians a taste of computing that they couldn't get otherwise because of strict import rules. https://www.theguardian.com/games/2024/oct/24/how-one-engineer-beat-the-ban-on-home-computers-in-socialist-yugoslavia
  2. Agent Smith

    B What motivates Bayes' Theorem?

    As far as I know, Bayes' theorem is ##P(A|B) = \frac{P(A) \times P(B|A)}{P(A) \times P(B|A) + P(\neg A) \times P(B|\neg A)}##. I recall someone saying Bayes' theorem revolutionized probability. Bayes himself and Laplace are supposedly key figures in this revolution. I know how to apply the...
  3. DaveE

    Slow Cooker Recipes & HVAC Revolution

    Amazing info from a slow cooker recipes facebook group. If only Fleischmann & Pons had put a clay pot over their experiment... OTOH, they aren't exactly wrong.
  4. Justforthisquestion1

    Solving for Speed & Revolution: F * delta t = p

    Honestly i have very little idea. F * delta t = p F * delta t /m = v So i know the speed of the rod And i know that however high the rod is supposed to go, when its back down it should have done excactly one revolution. I have the feeling that I should So probably i have to use something like...
  5. PeroK

    I Volume of Solid of Revolution (About the line y = x)

    I found this problem, which I thought was interesting and somewhat original: Calculate the volume of the solid of revolution of the area between the line ##y = x## and the parabola ##y = x^2## from ##x = 0## to ##x = 1## when rotated about the axis ##y = x##.
  6. greg_rack

    Volume of a solid of revolution around the y-axis (def. integration)

    First, I calculated the inverse of ##y=e^x## since we're talking about y-axis rotations, which is of course ##x=lny##. Then, helping myself out with a drawing, I concluded that the total volume of the solid must've been: $$V=\pi\int_{0}^{1}1^2 \ dy \ +(\pi\int_{1}^{e}1^2 \ dy \ - \pi...
  7. sahilmm15

    Atoms: Understanding Frequency of Revolution

    So I was reading my topic named "atoms" and got confused at a paragraph. It goes like this.. I encircled the paragraph when they told " "frequency of electromagnetic waves emitted by the revolving electrons is equal to the frequency of revolution" I got confused at 'frequency of revolution'...
  8. Ackbach

    Prob/Stats The Causal Revolution and Why You Should Study It

    In the mid-1990's, an electrical engineer/computer scientist by the name of Judea Pearl started to change the world by greatly improving our understanding of causality. He brought together many strands of thought that had gone before him, then synthesized them into an integrated whole, with many...
  9. Ackbach

    MHB The Causal Revolution and Why You Should Study It

    In the mid-1990's, an electrical engineer/computer scientist by the name of Judea Pearl started to change the world by greatly improving our understanding of causality. He brought together many strands of thought that had gone before him, then synthesized them into an integrated whole, with many...
  10. RUTA

    Insights Modern Physics Understood as an Unrecognized Kuhnian Revolution

    Continue reading...
  11. E

    MHB Surface Area of Revolution with Double Integration

    Please Help Me
  12. C

    MHB Singapore Ferris wheel with 30 minutes of revolution time

    The Singapore Flyer is a very tall Ferris wheel.It is 315 meters tall and has a diameter of 150 meters. Each revolution takes about 30 minutes. If you were allowed to ride for 3 hours, how far would you travel? How much of a mile or how many miles would you travel?
  13. almostvoid

    Virtual Revolution Sci Fi Movie [2016]

    for once not a Hollywood ending. Looks like Blade Runner at first, the plot is not unfamiliar but the ending is.
  14. opus

    I Volume of revolution -- Why use this integral?

    My question is, why is the circled integral the chosen integral for this case? My thoughts are that we don't just use ##\int_0^1e^{-x}## because we need to make this two dimensional area into a three dimensional volume by doing 360 degrees of rotation. This would correspond to ##2πr##. ##2π## is...
  15. K

    Solving Solid of Revolution HW: Find V(L) for 0<=L<=2R

    Homework Statement Peter has a spherical shaped water tank with radius R. At the top of the tank there's a small hole. Peter wants to know how much water there is left in the tank by measuring the distance L from the hole to the water surface. Find an explicit form for the water volume V(L), 0...
  16. K

    Volume of revolution around the y-axis

    Homework Statement Hello, a bowl is created when rotating the function f(x) = \begin{cases} 0, & 0 \leq x \lt 6 \\ (12/\pi)arcsin(x-6), & 6\leq x \leq 7 \end{cases} around the y-axis. Find the height (h) and the volume (V) of the bowl.Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution So, I graphed...
  17. S

    Revolution under the influence of a central force

    Hello friends and fellow Physics enthusiasts At the beginning let me confess that I am more of a sleeping member though I do follow this forum quite closely. Today, I am posting to seek some help from fellow Physics educators. I hope this is the right section of the forum to post, if not, I...
  18. 0

    Solid of revolution -- General question

    There are two ways to revolve, around Y or X and the formulas are different. If I have something bounded by $$f(x) = x^2 + 1$$. I can write $$x = \sqrt{y - 1}$$. But, is it wrong to swap axis to show that I'm integrating dy, not dx?
  19. K

    Volume of revolution, region bounded by two functions

    Homework Statement Let R be the area in the xy-plane in the 1st quadrant which is bounded by the curves y^2+x^2 = 5, y = 2x and x = 0. (y-axis). Let T be the volume of revolution that appears when R is rotated around the Y axis. Find the volume of T. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution...
  20. K

    Volume of Revolution: Find V with Shell Method

    Homework Statement A container with height 4.5 is created by rotating the curve y = 0.5x^2 0 \leq x \leq 3 around x = -3 and putting a plane bottom in the box. Find the volume V of the box. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I want to solve this by using the shell method. I have...
  21. W

    The coming revolution in physics education

    Classical physics is difficult because it is based on differential equations, and the differential equations of interest are usually unsolvable. The student must invest a lot of time in learning difficult math, and still can only analyze very simple systems. This difficulty arises in the first...
  22. Gene Naden

    I Differential for surface of revolution

    O'Neill's Elementary Differential Geometry contains an argument for the following proposition: "Let C be a curve in a plane P and let A be a line that does not meet C. When this *profile curve* C is revolved around the axis A, it sweeps out a surface of revolution M." For simplicity, he...
  23. CollinsArg

    I Surface area of a revolution, why is this wrong?

    Why is this way of thinking wrong?. can't I assume that when Δx tends to zero is a sufficient approximation of what I want to get? It confuses me with the basic idea of integrating a function to get the area beneath a curve of a function (which isn't also as perfect) . PD: I put Δx tends to...
  24. C

    I Surface Area of Volume of Revolution

    The problem is, find the surface area of the volume of revolution generated by rotating the curve y=e2x between x=0 and x=2 about the x-axis. Here's what I have so far... SA=∫y√(1+y2)dx =∫e2x√(1+4e4x)dx and from here I'm not really sure what to do. Any help would be appreciated.
  25. P

    MHB Edin's question via email about volume by revolution.

    We should note that the two functions intersect at $\displaystyle \begin{align*} x = -\frac{1}{2} \end{align*}$ and $\displaystyle \begin{align*} x = 1 \end{align*}$. (a) Using the method of washers, the inner radius is $\displaystyle \begin{align*} 3 - \left( x + 1 \right) = 2 - x...
  26. pairofstrings

    Job Skills Becoming Part of the AI Revolution: Skilling Up for the Future

    Hello. I am looking for guidance. I have been working in software industry for about eight years now. I see that the trend is moving towards making a machine intelligent. I want to be part of this trend and move forward. My questions is: What skills do I need to become part of this era of...
  27. G

    Industrial revolution before the Iron Age?

    Lets suppose for a stroy, that a time traveller arrive in a civilization that hasnt reached iron age yet. He isn't a well qualified engineer or doctor, but he becomes a king. How much he could help their development by simply telling : with really hot fire, you could produce iron, not just shape...
  28. M

    B Graphs of solids of revolution

    Is drawing of graphs of solids of revolutions important topic of mathematics? This makes me remerber conic sections topic. Conic sections topic belongs to algebra and drawing their graphs is important. So where does solids of revolutions belong to? I know calculation of their volumes belongs to...
  29. hpthgpjo

    Finding angular acceleration from revolutions and velocity

    Homework Statement an object starts from rest and has a final angular velocity of 6 rad/s. the object makes 2 complete revolutions. find the object's angular acceleration. Homework Equations wf^2=wi^2+2αd The Attempt at a Solution Not sure what to do with the revolutions, would it take act as...
  30. Jarvis88

    Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

    Homework Statement Find the area of the surface generated by revolving the curve y=√x+1, 1≤ x ≤5, about the x-axis. I'm stuck trying to figure out how I can use substitution...if I am even able. I was trying to rewrite 1 as 4(x+1)/4(x+1) but still can't seem to get the right terms to cancel...
  31. lila12345

    I Surface of revolution of a donuts

    HELP I can't find the surface of revolution! By donuts I mean a circle that doesn't touch the axes (tore in french) y^2+(x-4)^2=2^2 is my function ( y^2+x^2=r^2) and the axe of rotation is y so y= sqrt(r^2-x^2) the formula I know : 2* pi (Integral from a to b (F(x)*sqrt( 1+ (f``(x))^2))...
  32. xpell

    B When are we "trailing" the Sun in its galactic revolution?

    Hi! I guess this question must be easy, but it's driving me crazy: in what time of the year does the Earth "trails" the Sun in its current galactic movement towards Vega? And, could you please confirm that during this period Vega is not visible because it's always facing the "day side" of the...
  33. Q

    B Explain Electron Revolution in Quantum Mechanics

    According to quantum mechanics, an electron possesses orbital angular momentum. And we know that orbital angular momentum is possessed by revolving body. Does electron revolve around the nucleus? Please explain. I shall be very much thankful to you.
  34. toforfiltum

    Proving a form ##z=f(r)## to be a surface of revolution

    Homework Statement Suppose that a surface has an equation in cylindrical coordinates of the form ##z=f(r)##. Explain why it must be a surface of revolution. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I consider ##z=f(r)## in terms of spherical coordinates. ## p cosφ = f \sqrt{(p sinφcosθ)^2...
  35. Greg Bernhardt

    What will be the next big revolution?

    Some say block-chain economies, some say driver-less cars and some say clean energy. What do you think?
  36. cnnn

    I Moon revolution period 27.32, but got 27.53 from equation?

    Hello, I'm trying to calculate Moon revolution period but always got 27.53 instead of 27.32. G = 6.674e-11 (m^3 kg^-1 s^-2) M = 5.9724e24 (kg) from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html R = 384400000 (m) Earth Moon distance From 4π^2 * R^3 = GM*T^2, got moon revolution...
  37. A

    I How can inhabitants of moon guess of its revolution

    How can inhabitants of the far side of moon guess that the moon is revolving around the earth?
  38. T

    Solids of Revolution defined by inequalities

    1. Find the centroids of the solids formed by rotating completely about the x-axis the plane regions defined by the following inequalities: (a) y^2 < 9x, y>0, x<1 (b) xy<4, y>0, 1<x<2 2. I used the equation for solids of revolution: Integral from a to b of (x[f(x)]^2.dx) / Integral from a to b...
  39. CAH

    Volume of revolution in the first quadrant?

    Homework Statement Find the volumes of the solid formed when each of the areas in the following perform one revolution about the X axis... Question: The volume line in the first quadrant and bounded by the curve y=x^3 and the line y=3x+2. Homework Equations Volume of revolution about X-axis...
  40. Kerrigoth

    Why Is My Calculated Volume Different from the Textbook's Answer?

    Homework Statement The total area between a straight line and the parabola is revolved around the y-axis. What is the volume of revolution? According to the book, the answer is ; My answer comes out to be Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution 1. Rewrite the second equation in...
  41. P

    MHB Effie's question via email about a volume by revolution

    To start with, we should find the points of intersection of the two functions, as these will be the terminals of our regions of integration. $\displaystyle \begin{align*} 2\,x^2 &= x + 1 \\ 2\,x^2 - x - 1 &= 0 \\ 2\,x^2 - 2\,x + x - 1 &= 0 \\ 2\,x\,\left( x - 1 \right) + 1 \,\left( x - 1...
  42. P

    MHB Brenton's questions via email about volume by revolution

    Q5. Here is a graph of the region to be integrated and the line to be rotated around. First we should find the x intercept of the function $\displaystyle \begin{align*} y = 3 - 4\,\sqrt{x} \end{align*}$ as this will be the ending point of our region of integration. $\displaystyle...
  43. P

    MHB Divanshu's question via email about a volume by revolution

    Here is a graph of the region to be rotated. Notice that it is being rotated around the same line that is the lower boundary. The volume will be exactly the same if everything is moved down by 4 units, with the advantage of being rotated around the x-axis. So using the rule for finding the...
  44. P

    MHB Jesse's question via email about volume by revolution

    Here is a sketch of the region to be rotated and the line to be rotated around. Notice that the volume will be exactly the same if we were to move everything up by 3 units, but with the advantage of rotating around the x axis. So we want to find the volume of the region under $\displaystyle...
  45. P

    MHB Nour's question via email about volume of revolution using cylindrical shells.

    Here is a sketch of the region to be rotated. To find a volume using cylindrical shells, you first need to picture what the region would like like when that area is rotated around the y axis. Then consider how it would look if that solid was made up of very thin cylinders. Each cylinder has...
  46. P

    MHB Kivindu's question via email about volume by revolution

    Here is a sketch of the region R and the line to be rotated around. Clearly the x-intercept of $\displaystyle \begin{align*} y = 3 - 3\,\sqrt{x} \end{align*}$ is (1, 0) so the terminals of the integral will be $\displaystyle \begin{align*} 0 \leq x \leq 1 \end{align*}$. We should note that...
  47. P

    MHB Kishan's question via email about volume by revolution

    We should first find the $\displaystyle \begin{align*} x \end{align*}$ intercept of the function $\displaystyle \begin{align*} y = 2 - 5\,\sqrt{x} \end{align*}$, as this will be the end of our region of integration. $\displaystyle \begin{align*} 0 &= 2 - 5\,\sqrt{x} \\ 5\,\sqrt{x} &= 2 \\...
  48. karush

    MHB S4.6r.11 Solid of revolution about the y axis

    Given $$x_1^2 -y^2=a^2, \ \ x_2=a+h$$ Or $$x_1=\sqrt{a^2+y^2}$$ Find Volume about the $y$-axis So... $$\pi\int_{a}^{h} \left(x_2^2-x_1^2\right)\,dy$$ Actually I am clueless?!
  49. Theia

    MHB Volume of Solid of Revolution of f(x)

    Let f(x) = x^3 + 4x^2 - x + 5 revolve about the line y(x) = -x + 5. There will form one solid with finite volume. Find the volume of that solid.
  50. G

    I Confusion on the Volumes of Solids of Revolution

    I've been trying to figure out why you can't use the average value of a function to determine the volume of a solid of revolution. As an example: Trying to find the volume of a solid of revolution on y=√x from 0 to 1 around the x-axis. The definite integral is 2/3, which divided by one is...
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