Tangent Definition and 1000 Threads

Suppose we have n vector fields ## Y_{\left(1\right)},\ldots,Y_{\left(n\right)} ## such that at every point of the manifold they form a basis for the tangent space at that point . I have to prove that: $$\frac{\partial Y_\mu^{\left(\sigma\right)}}{\partial x^\nu}-\frac{\partial...

I am taking a summer calculus class now. For years I've been stuck on the question of why the limit process gives us an exact slope of the tangent line instead of just a very close approximation. I don't need to know the reason for this class I'm taking- we are basically just learning rules of...

In my line i have, ##\dfrac{∂r}{du} = \vec{i} +\dfrac{1}{2}u \vec{k} = \vec{i} +1.5 \vec{k}## ##\dfrac{∂r}{dv} = \vec{j} -\dfrac{1}{2}v \vec{k} = \vec{j} -0.5\vec{k}## The normal to plane is given by, ##\dfrac{∂r}{du}× \dfrac{∂r}{dv} = -\dfrac{3}{2} \vec{ i} + \dfrac{1}{2}\vec{j}+\vec{k}##...

I'm at a loss as to how they got to certain steps in the solutions manual. Here's how far I got with this: Since the circle is tangent to y = x^2 + 1, the slope at (1, 2) is going to be 2, as is the slope of the 2nd derivative of the circle, so then... The derivative of the circle would be...

I do know that since they have a common tangent line, that means: 2x+a = c-2x Since they both have the point (1,0), then since both equations should equal 0 when x = 1: c(1)-(1)^2 = 0 --> c = 1 So now, I replace c with 1 to solve for a in the two derivatives that are equal (common...

I had to look this up; will need to read on it. from my research, https://byjus.com/question-answer/the-equation-of-straight-line-equally-inclined-to-the-axes-and-equidistant-from-the-points-1-2-and-3-4-is-ax-by-c-0-where/ ... I have noted that at equally inclined; the slope value is ##1##...

By inspection, we see that ##x=k\pi## is a solution for ##k\in\mathbb Z##. Moreover, the equation implicitly assumes ##x\neq n\pi/2## for odd ##n\in\mathbb Z##, since ##\tan x## isn't defined there. So suppose ##x\neq k\pi##, i.e. ##\tan x\neq 0##, then rearranging and writing ##\tan...

Hello :), I am wondering of the right and direct method to calculate the following tangent spaces at ##1##: ##T_ISL_n(R)##, ##T_IU(n)## and ##T_ISU(n)##. Definitions I know: Given a smooth curve ##γ : (− ,) → R^n## with ##γ(0) = x##, a tangent vector ##˙γ(0)## is a vector with components...

The textbook solution is indicated below; My approach on this question is as follows; ##\dfrac{dy}{dx} = -\dfrac {8}{x^3}## ##\dfrac{dy}{dx} (x=a) = -\dfrac {8}{a^3}## The tangent equation is given by; ##y= -\dfrac {8}{a^3}x+\dfrac{12+a^2}{a^2}## when ##x=0##, ##y=\dfrac{12+a^2}{a^2}##...

IMPORTANT: NO CALCULATORS I assumed two points, (a, f(a)) and (b, f(b)) where b is greater than a. Since the tangent line is shared, I did f'(a) = f'(b): 1) 4a^3 - 4a - 1 = 4b^3 - 4b - 1 2) 4a^3 - 4a = 4b^3 - 4b 3) 4(a^3 - a) = 4(b^3 - b) 4) a^3 - a = b^3 - b 5) a^3 - b^3 = a - b 6) (a...

How do we define tangent line to curve accurately ? I cannot say it is a straight line who intersect the curve in one point because if we draw y = x^2 & make any vertical line, it will intersect the curve and still not the tangent we know. Moreover, tangent line may intersect the curve at other...

He draws an n-manifold M, a coordinate chart φ : M → Rn, a curve γ : R → M, and a function f : M → R, and wants to specify ##\frac d {d\lambda}## in terms of ##\partial_\mu##. ##\lambda## is the parameter along ##\gamma##, and ##x^\mu## the co-ordinates in ##\text{R}^n##. His first equality is...

I have solved the gradient: gradf(2,-1)=(4,2) and have the tangent plane: 4x+2y+3=0 Somehow the answer is: 3=2x+y And i really don´t understand why.

ok I am actually trying to plot $f(x)=5x^2-2x$ with the tangent line going thru $(1,3)$ which is $8\left(x-1\right)+3$ I thot I could just change this from an example but does seem to like it stack exchange had some samples but they got very complex with other features added anyway mahalo...

Find Mark scheme here; Find my approach here...more less the same with ms...if other methods are there kindly share... part a (i) My approach is as follows; ##x^2+y^2-10x-14y+64=0 ##can also be expressed as ##(x-5)^2+(y-7)^2=10## The tangent line has the equation, ##y=mx+2## therefore it...

Find the question here and the solution i.e number 10 indicated as ##6-4\sqrt{2}##, I am getting a different solution, my approach is as follows. I made use of pythagoras theorem for the three right angle triangles as follows, Let radius of the smaller circle be equal to ##c## and distance...

Hello there! Reading the textbook on differential geometry I didn't get the commentary. In Chapter about vector bundles authors provide the following example Let ##M=S^1## be realized as the unit circle in ##\mathbb{R}^2##. For every ##x\in S^1##, the tangent space ##T_x S^1## can be identified...

I need a justification that ##|\dfrac {dr}{dt}|##=##\dfrac {ds}{dt}## cheers guys... all the other steps are easy and clear to me...

My apologies if this question is trivial. I have searched the forum and haven't found an existing answer to this question. I've been working through differential geometry problem sets I found online (associated with MATH 481 at UIUC) and am struggling to show that T(MxN) is diffeomorphic to TM...

Problem Statement : Let me copy and paste the problem as it appears in the text : Attempt : I haven't been able to make any significant attempt at solving this problem, am afraid. I tried to reduce all the higher submultiple angles ##2\theta, 4\theta, 8\theta## into ##\theta##, but the...

I did it graphically by using GeoGebra. My question is that what can I do to solve it analytically/algebraically. I used the point-slope formula and obtained $$\frac {y - (a^2-4)} {x - a} = 2a$$, which implies that ##y = (2a)x + (-a^2-4)##. I am not sure how to proceed from here onwards...

how many different meanings do you guys know, towards the word "tangent"? in science, I already know 2 meanings: the functions similar to sin, cos, cot, and it is tan; it means two geometry objects are intersected, and they touch each other closely. so I wonder if the different meanings would...

I tried to equate the derivative of the two equations: $$\cos x=-ke^{-k}$$ Then how to continue? Is this question can be solved? Thanks

Can anyone help me to find the equation of the tangent to the curve x = 2 cos t, y= 2 sin t where t= pi/3??

From @fresh_42's Insight https://www.physicsforums.com/insights/10-math-things-we-all-learnt-wrong-at-school/ Please discuss! Yes, it is the derivative of ##y.## But what is meant by that? Obviously we have a function ##x \longmapsto y=y(x)## and a derivative $$y'=y'(x)=\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\left...

The Figure My Attempt at Solution ##\tan{ACB} = \frac{AB}{BC}, \ \tan41.45^\circ = \frac{AB}{10} \Rightarrow AB = 10\tan45.41^\circ \approx 8.83##cm Similarly ##\tan{CBD} = \frac{CD}{BC}, \ \tan32.73^\circ = \frac{CD}{10} \Rightarrow CD = 10\tan32.73^\circ \approx 6.43##cm After this I...

Here is the problem (8b). I was asked to write out why the circled part was true. I know that since the function is concave down then f"(x)<0. That is a fact. What I am having trouble with is why they can say the next part. What I thought was L(x) is the tangent line and all tangent lines...

Simplify $\left(\tan \dfrac{2\pi}{7}-4\sin \dfrac{\pi}{7}\right)\left(\tan \dfrac{3\pi}{7}-4\sin \dfrac{2\pi}{7}\right)\left(\tan \dfrac{6\pi}{7}-4\sin \dfrac{3\pi}{7}\right)$.

Attempt : I could not progress far, but the following is what I could do. $$\begin{align*} \mathbf{\text{LHS}} & = (\tan A+\tan B+\tan C)(\cot A+\cot B+\cot C) \\ & = 3+\tan A \cot B+\tan B \cot A+\tan A \cot C+\tan C \cot A+\tan B \cot C+\tan C \cot B\\ & = 3+\frac{\tan^2A+\tan^2B}{\tan A \tan...

I am new to Comsol. I want to draw my model which is a Tesla valve. The geometry is little complicated and I don't know how to draw a semi-circle tangent to a line. Is it possible? I draw it in Solidworks and imported it into Comsol but it gives error and I think it is better to draw inside...

This week, I've been assigned a problem about a 3-sphere. I am confused how to approach this problem and any comments would be greatly appreciated. (a) - would I be correct to assume the metric G is simply the dot product of two vector fields with dx^2 dy^2 du^2 and dv^2 next to their...

Thank you to all those who helped me solve my last question. This week, I've been assigned an interesting problem about toruses. I think I've solved most of this problem on my own, but I'd like to hear a few suggestions for part c. I think this map multiplies tangent vectors by a factor of...

I was reading these notes and then on page 23 I saw something a bit weird. Back in this thread I learned that ##\{ \partial_i \}## form a basis of ##T_p M##, and that a tangent vector can be written ##X = X^i \partial_i##, and it's not too difficult to show that components transform like...

a) Since ##tan(x/x_0)## is not defined for ##x=\pm\pi/2\cdot x_0## I assume x must be in between those values therefore ##-\pi/2\cdot x_0 < x < \pi/2\cdot x_0## and y can be any real number. Is this the correct answer on a)? b) I can solve x and y for s and t which gives me ##y=y_0\cdot s## and...

I would like to show that fixing the orientation of k-manifold smooth connected ##S## in ##\mathbb {R} ^ n ## is equivalent to fixing a frame for one of its tangent spaces. What I know is that different orientations correspond to orienting atlases containing maps that cannot be consistent with...

The next chapter in my personal studies is Law of Sines and Law of Cosines. I am not there yet. I know there is a Law of Tangent but it is rarely used and never taught in a typical trig course anywhere. Why is the Law of Tangent ignored?

Let $$Y(t)=tanh(ln(1+Z(t)^2))$$ where Z is the Hardy Z function; I'm trying to calculate the pedal coordinates of the curve defined by $$L = \{ (t (u), s (u)) : {Re} (Y (t (u) + i s (u)))_{} = 0 \}$$ and $$H = \{ (t (u), s (u)) : {Im} (Y (t (u) + i s (u)))_{} = 0 \}$$ , and for that I need to...

Summary:: Question: Show that the segment of a tangent to a hyperbola which lies between the asymptotes is bisected at the point of tangency. From what I understand of the solution, I should be getting two values of x for the intersection that should be equivalent but with different signs...

Here is my attempt at a solution: y = f(x) yp - ym = dy/dx(xp-xm) ym = 0 yp = dy/dx(xp-xm) xm=ypdy/dx + xm xm is midpoint of OT xm = (ypdy/dx + xm) /2 Not sure where to go from there because the solution from the link uses with the midpoint of the points A and B intersecting the x-axis...

As part of the final stage of a problem, there is some algebraic manipulation to be done (from the solution manual): But I'm getting lost somewhere: Also a bit of general advice needed: This is part of a self-study Calculus course, and I often have difficulty with bigger algebraic...

I'm studying 'A Most Incomprehensible Thing - Notes towards a very gentle introduction to the mathematics of relativity' by Collier, specifically the section 'More detail - contravariant vectors'. To give some background, I'm aware that basis vectors in tangent space are given by...

I'm studying 'Core Principles of Special and General Relativity' by Luscombe - the chapter on tensors. Quoting: The book goes on to talk about a switch to the spherical coordinate system, in which ##\mathbf{r}## is specified as: $$\mathbf{r}=r\sin\theta\cos\phi\ \mathbf{\hat...

not quite sure if this is right.. can someone confirm?

##x(3)=9-6=3##, ##y(3)=27+9=36##. ##\frac{y'(3)}{x'(3)}=\frac{3\times9+3}{2\times3}=\frac{30}{6}=5##. ##y=5(x-3)+36=5x+21##.

I am trying to derive the adjoint / tangent linear model matrix for this partial differential equation, but cannot follow the book's steps as I do not know the math. This technique will be used to solve another homework question. Rather than posting the homework question, I would like to...

Is it correct to say that: the cotangent is given by the gradients (*) to all the curves passing through a point and it actually spans the same tangent space to a point of a sphere? If you visualize them as geometric planes (**), the cotangent and the tangent spaces are more than isomorphic...