Taylor approximation Definition and 26 Threads

In Chapter 20 of Spivak's Calculus is the lemma shown below (used afterward to prove Taylor's Theorem). My question is about a step in the proof of this lemma. Here is the proof as it appears in the book My question is: how do we know that ##(R')^{n+1}## is defined in ##(2)##? Let me try to...

Summary:: This is similar to the examples of electrical circuit state space analysis, I have been trying to find the state space equations from the following non linear first order differentials but I keep getting stuck. Any help? A) Started off from non linear equations: $$y' =...

So I just followed Taylor's formula and got the four derivatives at p = 0 ##f^{(0)}(p) = (1 + \frac {p^2} {m^2c^2})^{\frac 1 2} ## ##f^{(0)}(0) = 1 ## ## f^{(1)}(p) = \frac {p} {m^2c^2}(1 + \frac {p^2} {m^2c^2})^{\frac {-1} 2} ## ## f^{(1)}(0) = 0 ## ## f^{(2)}(p) = \frac {1} {m^2c^2}(1 +...

3) Taylor expansion question in the context of Lie algebra elements: Consider some n-dimensional Lie group whose elements depend on a set of parameters \alpha =(\alpha_1 ... \alpha_n) such that g(0) = e with e as the identity, and that had a d-dimensional representation D(\alpha)=D(g( \alpha)...

Since $$\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac {R_{n,0,f}(x)} {x^n}=0,$$ ##P_{n,0,g}(x)## contains only terms of degree ##\geq 1## and ##R_{n,0,g}## approaches ##0## as quickly as ##x^n##, I can most likely prove this using ##\epsilon - \delta## arguments, but that seems overly complicated. I also can't...

The error ##e_{n}(y)## for ##\frac{1}{1-y}## is given by ##\frac{1}{(1-c)^{n+2}}y^{n+1}##. It follows that ##\frac{1}{1+y^2}=t_n(-y^2)+e_n(-y^2)## where ##t_n(y)## is the Taylor polynomial of ##\frac{1}{1-y}##. Taking the definite integral from 0 to ##x## on both sides yields that...

Hello guys I struggle since yesterday with the following problem I am reading the book "Elements of applied bifurcation theory" by Kuznetsov . At one point he has the following Taylor expansion of a nonlinear system with respect to x=0 where ##x\in \mathbb(R)^n## $$\dot{x} = f(x) = \Lambda x +...

Homework Statement If I have the following expansion f(r,t) \approx g(r) + \varepsilon \delta g(r,t) + O(\varepsilon^2) This means for other function U(f(r,t)) U(f(r,t)) = U( g(r) + \varepsilon \delta g(r,t)) \approx U(g) + \varepsilon \delta g \dfrac{dU}{dg} + O(\varepsilon^2) Then up to...

Homework Statement Homework Equations [/B]The Attempt at a Solution Can somebody explain to me how did we find the function in red? Thanks

Homework Statement A particle of energy E moves in one dimension in a constant imaginary potential -iV where V << E. a) Find the particle's wavefunction \Psi(x,t) approximating to leading non-vanishing order in the small quantity \frac{V}{E} << 1. b) Calculate the probability current density...

Homework Statement [/B] Use the Taylor remainder theorem to give an expression of ##\sqrt 2 - P_3(1)## P_3(x) - the degree 3 Taylor polynomial ##\sqrt {1+x}## in terms of c, where c is some number between 0 and 1 Find the maximum over the interval [0, 1] of the absolute value of the...

I recently found out the rule regarding the Taylor expansion of a translated function: ##f(x+h)=f(x)+f′(x)⋅h+\frac 1 2 h^ 2 \cdot f′′(x)+⋯+\frac 1 {n!}h^n \cdot f^n(x)+...## But why exactly is this the case? The normal Taylor expansion tells us that ##f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)(x-a)+\frac 1...

Hi all, In short: For an air leg or air spring, there is a method using a Taylor approximation to find the spring constant for very small displacements, but I can't seem to figure out how it works. I've learned that air legs don't follow Hooke's law very much at all, except for when the...

Hello, Can someone explain this to me? In the above case ct=yt-gt I tried to solve it as a three variable taylor approximation but got a few extra terms that weren't included in the above. So I am a little confused now. I only need to understand how the first line was derived because I get...

1. The question is. Show that if |nx| <1, the following is exact up to (and including) the x^2 order. The hint giving says to use the Taylor Expansion for both sides of the equation2. (1+x)^n = e^n(x-(1/2)x^2) ; the n(x-(1/2)x^2) is all an exponent3. My first attempt was to take the taylor...

Homework Statement Show that ∫f'(x)dx/f(x) = ln|(f(x)|+C where f(x) is a differential function. Homework Equations First order Taylor approximation? f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)(x-a) The Attempt at a Solution Well, I'm not really sure how to approach the question. It's my Numerical...

Often you use taylor series to approximate differential equations for easier solving. An example is the small angle approximation to the pendulum. My question is: Is there mathematical tool for calculating the error you make as time goes with such an approximation? Because I could Imagine it...

The relationship linking the emitted frequency Fe and the received frequency Fr is the Doppler Law: F_r = \sqrt \frac{1-\frac{v}{c}}{1-\frac{v}{c}} F_e The Taylor series for the function \sqrt\frac{1+x}{1-x} near x = 0 is 1+x+\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{3}+... On Earth, most objects travel...

Homework Statement I have this equation: T=(1+\frac{U_{0}^{2}}{4E(U_{0}-E)}sinh^{2}(2 \alpha L))^{-1} Where α is given by: \alpha = \sqrt{ \frac{2m(U_{0}-E)}{\hbar^{2}}} I have to show that in the limit αL>>1 my equation is approximately given by...

Homework Statement find the 2nd, 3rd, and 6th degree taylor approximation of: f(x) = 10(x/2 -0.25)5 + (x-0.5)3 + 9(x-0.75)2-8(x-0.25)-1 for h = 0.1 to h = 1, with \Deltah = 0.05 and where xo=0; and x = h Homework Equations N.A The Attempt at a Solution I just need to...

Homework Statement I'm reading about fluid mechanics and in one of the examples they have approximated the velocity field. The field is two dimensional u = (u,v) I have never seen this before so cold someone tell me what it is called so I can look it up? The notes I am reading are hand...

I have the following problem: Assume g is a (smooth enough) function, X a random variable and \varepsilon^h a sequence of random variables, whose moments converge to 0 as h goes to zero. I would then like to prove that \mathbb{E}\left|g(X+\varepsilon^h)-g(X)\right| converges to zero as well...

Homework Statement Let f(x) = sin x a) find p_6 (taylor polynomial 6th degree) for f at x = 0 b) How accurate is this on the interval [-1,1] Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I got p_6 = x + (x^3)/6 + (x^5)/120, which was correct as per the solution manual. My...

[SOLVED] Taylor approximation Homework Statement I have an exact funktion given as: P(r)=1-e^{\frac{-2r}{a}}(1+\frac{2r}{a}+\frac{2r^2}{a^2}) I need to prove, by making a tayler series expansion, that: P(r)\approx \frac{3r^3}{4a^4} When r \prec \prec a The Attempt at a Solution...

Hi, I'm having trouble doing my work where I have to find the Taylor Approximation of function. My real work is the program this thing when the function, x, a, and ErrorBound is given. I don't knwo what to do with the ErrorBound to get n, where n is the number of terms. do i make any sense...

I am a bit confused about taylor approximation. Taylor around x_0 yields f(x) = f(x_0) + f'(x_0)(x-x_0) + O(x^2) which is the tangent of f in x_0, where f'(x) = f'(x_0) + f''(x_0)(x-x_0) + O(x^2) which adds up to f(x) &=& f(x_0) + (f'(x_0) + f''(x_0)(x-x_0) +...