Taylor expansion Definition and 174 Threads

After Taylor expansion and using equations (2), I have no problem getting to equation (1). Now obviously I have to somehow use (3.71) ,which I do know how, to derive to express the second order derivative. On the internet I found equation (3), and I have tried to understand where this comes from...

The function is $$ f(x)=\sqrt{1-x}$$ and we are expected to expand it using Taylor expansion for very small ##(x<<1)## and very big ##(x>>1)## arguments My thought process was the following: $$T_2f[x;x_0]=\sqrt{1-x_0} -\frac 12 \frac 1{\sqrt{1-x_0}}(x-x_0) -\frac 14 \frac 1...

let ##k \in\mathbb{N},## Show that there is ##i\in\mathbb{N} ##s.t ##\ \left(1-\frac{1}{k}\right)^{i}-\left(1-\frac{2}{k}\right)^{i}\geq \frac{1}{4} ## I tried to use Bernoulli's inequality and related inequality for the left and right expression but i the expression smaller than 1/4 for any i...

I have to write taylor expansion of f(x)=arctan(x) around at x=+∞. My first idea was to set z=1/x and in this case z→0 Thus I can expand f(z)= arctan(1/z) near 0 so I obtain 1/z-1/3(z^3) Then I try to reverse the substitution but this is incorrect .I discovered after that...

Hello! I am confused about the derivation in the screenshot below. This is in the context of a diatomic molecular potential, but the question is quite general. Say that the potential describing the interaction between 2 masses, as a function of the radius between them is given by the anharmonic...

Carroll expands both sides of metric transformation (Notes eq2.35, Book eq2.48) to equate powers of x’. He starts with eq2.36 (2.49): So far so good, though I feel my understanding of multivariable Taylor series starting to struggle. He refers to Schutz for details, where I find eq 6.23...

Necessary condition for a curve to provide a weak extremum. Let ##x(t)## be the extremum curve. Let ##x=x(t,u) = x(t) + u\eta(t)## be the curve with variation in the neighbourhood of ##(\varepsilon,\varepsilon')##. Let $$I(u) = \int^b_aL(t,x(t,u),\dot{x}(t,u))dt = \int^b_aL(t,x(t) +...

Can you please explain this series f(x+\alpha)=\sum^{\infty}_{n=0}\frac{\alpha^n}{n!}\frac{d^nf}{dx^n} I am confused. Around which point is this Taylor series?

Consider two different Taylor expansions. First, let ##f_1(s)=(1+s)^{1/2}## $$f_1'(s)=-\frac{1}{2(1+s^{3/2})}$$ Near ##s=0##, we have the first order Taylor expansion $$f_1(s) \approx 1 - \frac{s}{2}$$ Now consider a different choice for ##f(s)## $$f_2(s)=(1+s^2)^{1/2}$$...

I'm just trying to understand how this works, because what I've been looking at online seems to indicate that I evaluate at ##\delta =0## for some reason, but that would make the given equation for the Taylor series wrong since every derivative term is multiplied by some power of ##\delta##...

I was recently studying the pressure gradient force, and I found it interesting (though this may be incorrect) that you can use a Taylor expansion to pretend that the value of the internal pressure of the fluid does not matter at all, because the internal pressure forces that are a part of the...

Good day and here is the solution, I have questions about I don't understand why when in the taylor expansion of exponential when x goes to infinity x^7 is little o of x ? I could undesrtand if -1<x<1 but not if x tends to infinity? many thanks in advance!

Hello, I have a question regarding the Taylor expansion of an unknown function and I would be tanksful to have your comments on that. Suppose we want to find an analytical estimate for an unknown function. The available information for this function is; its exact value at x0 (f0) and first...

I'm trying to find the local truncation error of the autonomous ODE: fx/ft = f(x). I know that the error is |x(t1) − x1|, but I can't successfully figure out the Taylor expansion to get to the answer, which I believe is O(h^3). Any help would be greatly appreciated!

I have the characteristic function of the Cauchy distribution ##C(t)= e^{-(\mid t \mid)}##. Now, how would I show that the Cauchy distribution has no moments using this? I think you have to show it has no Taylor expansion around the origin. I am not sure how to do this.

Hello guys, I struggle with one step in a calculation to show a quantum operator equality .It would be nice to get some help from you.The problematic step is red marked.I make a photo of my whiteboard activities.The main problem is the step where two infinite sums pops although I work...

For the case when ##B=0## I get: $$Z = \sum_{n_i = 0,1} e^{-\beta H(\{n_i\})} = \sum_{n_i = 0,1} e^{-\beta A \sum_i^N n_i} =\prod_i^N \sum_{n_i = 0,1} e^{-\beta A n_i} = [1+e^{-\beta A}]^N$$ For non-zero ##B## to first order the best I can get is: $$Z = \sum_{n_i = 0,1}...

Homework Statement: Use Taylor expansion to show that for ##u \in C^4([0,1]) ## $$ max |\partial^+\partial^-u(x) - u''(x)| = \mathcal{O}(h^2)$$ For ##x \in [0,1]## and where the second order derivative ##u''## can be approximated by the central difference operator defined by...

3) Taylor expansion question in the context of Lie algebra elements: Consider some n-dimensional Lie group whose elements depend on a set of parameters \alpha =(\alpha_1 ... \alpha_n) such that g(0) = e with e as the identity, and that had a d-dimensional representation D(\alpha)=D(g( \alpha)...

Firstly, the matrix notation of the series is, \begin{align*} f\left(x, y, z\right) &= f\left(a, b, c\right) + \left(\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{a}\right)^T \frac{\partial f\left(a, b, c\right)}{\partial \mathbf{x}} + \frac{1}{2}\left(\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{a}\right)^T \frac{\partial^2 f\left(a, b...

I have been playing around with Taylor expansion to see if I can get anything out but nothing is jumping out at me. So any hints, suggestions and preferably explanations would be greatly appreciated as I’ve spent so so long messing around with it and I need to move on... But as always, thank you

I tried diffrentiating upto certain higher orders but didn’t find any way.. is there a trick or a transformation involved to make this task less hectic? Pls help

As I said before, I really have no idea on how to proceed.

Hi all, I'm having a problem understanding a step in an arxiv paper (https://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.3566.pdf) and would like a bit of help. In equation (29) the authors have $$R = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{\pi}} \int dk \ e^{-(k - k_0)^2 \sigma^2} \ \Big( \frac{ k - \kappa}{ k+ \kappa} \Big)^2$$ where...

Homework Statement [/B] From the Rodrigues’ formulae, I want to derive nature of the spherical Bessel and Neumann functions at small values of p. Homework Equations [/B] I'm going to post an image of the Bessel function where we're using a Taylor expansion, which I'm happy with and is as far...

Hi, Before I post my question, let me admit that my foundation on mathematics is poor. I am trying to work on it, specifically on the application part. When I came through the following image, I was stuck to understand why I will need one like Taylor's series in a simple case like "F+ΔF = F...

Hello guys I struggle since yesterday with the following problem I am reading the book "Elements of applied bifurcation theory" by Kuznetsov . At one point he has the following Taylor expansion of a nonlinear system with respect to x=0 where ##x\in \mathbb(R)^n## $$\dot{x} = f(x) = \Lambda x +...

In this derivation: https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.northwestern.edu/dist/8/1599/files/2017/06/taylor_series-14rhgdo.pdf they assume in equation (8) that x >> a in order to use the Taylor Expansion because a/x has difficult behavior. Why does that assumption work? Meaning, why can we...

Homework Statement If I have the following expansion f(r,t) \approx g(r) + \varepsilon \delta g(r,t) + O(\varepsilon^2) This means for other function U(f(r,t)) U(f(r,t)) = U( g(r) + \varepsilon \delta g(r,t)) \approx U(g) + \varepsilon \delta g \dfrac{dU}{dg} + O(\varepsilon^2) Then up to...

I've read that, in general, the energy of a wave, as opposed to what's commonly taught, isn't strictly related to the square of the amplitude. It can be seen to be related to a Taylor series, where E = ao + a1 A + a2A2 ... Also, that the energy doesn't depend on phase, so only even terms will...

Hey everyone 1. Homework Statement I want to compute the Taylor expansion (the first four terms) of $$f(x) =x/sin(ax)$$ around $$x_0 = 0$$. I am working in the space of complex numbers here. Homework Equations function: $$f(x) = \frac{x}{\sin (ax)}$$ Taylor expansion: $$ f(x) = \sum...

Homework Statement Find the Taylor expansion up to four order of x^x around x=1. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I first tried doing this by brute force (evaluating f(1), f'(1), f''(1), etc.), but this become too cumbersome after the first derivative. I then tried writing: $$x^x =...

I recently found out the rule regarding the Taylor expansion of a translated function: ##f(x+h)=f(x)+f′(x)⋅h+\frac 1 2 h^ 2 \cdot f′′(x)+⋯+\frac 1 {n!}h^n \cdot f^n(x)+...## But why exactly is this the case? The normal Taylor expansion tells us that ##f(x)=f(a)+f'(a)(x-a)+\frac 1...

My textbook doesn’t go into it, can someone tell me why Taylor expansion is used to express spring potential energy? A lot of the questions I do I think I can just use F=-Kx and relate it to U(x) being F=-Gradiant U(x) but I see most answers using the Taylor expansion instead to get 1/2 kx^2...

I have to do a Taylor expansion of the energy levels of Dirac's equation with a coulombian potential in orders of (αZ/n)^2 , but the derivatives I get are just too large, I guess there is another approach maybe? This is the expression of the energy levels And i know it has to end like this:

Hi, my question is related to taylor expansion of metric tensor, and I have some troubles, I would like to really know that why the RED BOX in my attachment has g_ij (t*x) instead of g_ij(x) ? I really would like to learn the logic...

Hello, I may working through attached paper and really need help with deriving equation in appendix - A4 to give A10. http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/182/pdf Any help would be greatly appreciated. thanks, Sinéad

Hi, I would like to express that r and r' are vectors in the attachment and let's say that r is observer distance vector r' is source distance vector. By the way I know this is taylor expansion (for instance if there was only x component (scalar form) I would not any ask question ). But I do...

So in the book it says expend function ƒ in ε to get following. ƒ=√ (1 + (α + βε)2) = √ (1 + α2) + (αβε)/√ (1 + α2) + (β2ε2)/2 (1 + α2)3/2 + O(e3) When I expend I get(keeping ε = 0) ƒ(0) = √ (1 + α2) -->first term ƒ'(0) = (αβ)/√ (1 + α2) --> sec term with gets multiplied by ε for third...

Homework Statement Ultimately, I would like a expression that is the result of an integral with the sin(nx)/x function, with extra terms from the expansion. This expression would then reconstruct the delta function behaviour as n goes to infty, with the extra terms decaying to zero. I...

Homework Statement In the Griffiths book <Introduction to QM>, Section 2.3.2: Analytic method (for The harmonic oscillator), there is an equation (##\xi## is very large) $$h(\xi)\approx C\sum\frac{1}{(j/2)!}\xi^{j}\approx C\sum\frac{1}{(j)!}\xi^{2j}\approx Ce^{\xi^{2}}.$$ How to understand the...

I have a short doubt: Let f(x) be a fuction that can't be integrated in an analytical way . Is anything wrong if I expand it in a Taylor' series around a point and use this expansion to get the value of the definite integral of the function around that point? Suppose that the interval between...

Consider the function: $$F(s) =\begin{cases} A \exp(-as) &\text{ if }0\le s\le s_c \text{ and}\\ B \exp(-bs) &\text{ if } s>s_c \end{cases}$$ The parameter s_c is chosen such that the function is continuous on [0,Inf). I'm trying to come up with a (unique, not piecewise) Maclaurin series...

Hey guys, I need your help regarding the derivation of the fourth runge kutta scheme. So, I found http://www.ss.ncu.edu.tw/~lyu/lecture_files_en/lyu_NSSP_Notes/Lyu_NSSP_AppendixC.pdf this derivation. Maybe you have a clue what tehy are doing in C.54. So before this they are calculating the...

Homework Statement The coefficient of the term (x−π)2 in the Taylor expansion for f(x)=cos(x) about x=π is: Homework Equations ##cos(x) = 1 - \frac{x^2}{2!} + \frac{x^4}{4!} - \frac{x^6}{6!} + \frac{x^8}{8!}...## The Attempt at a Solution Unless my taylor series for cosine is incorrect, I'm...

I'm studying QFT in the path integral formalism, and got stuck in deriving the Schwinger Dyson equation for a real free scalar field, L=½(∂φ)^2 - m^2 φ^2 in the equation, S[φ]=∫ d4x L[φ] ∫ Dφ e^{i S[φ]} φ(x1) φ(x2) = ∫ Dφ e^{i S[φ']} φ'(x1) φ'(x2) Particularly, it is in the Taylor series...

Suppose that the Taylor series of a function ##f: (a,b) \subset \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}## (with ##f \in C^{\infty}##), centered in a point ##x_0 \in (a,b)## converges to ##f(x)## ##\forall x \in (x_0-r, x_0+r)## with ##r >0##. That is $$f(x)=\sum_{n \geq 0} \frac{f^{(n)}(x_0)}{n!} (x-x_0)^n...

Homework Statement What's the first order term in the expansion ln(x) about x = 1? Homework Equations Taylor series formula The Attempt at a Solution The question is multiple choice, and the choices are x, 2x, or (1/2)x. However, when I calculate the first order term in the expansion of ln(x)...

[Note from mentor: this thread was originally posted in a non-homework forum, therefore it does not use the homework template.] I have been given an equation for the relativistic doppler effect but I'm struggling to see this as a function and then give a first order Taylor expansion. Any help...

i watched a lot of videos and read a lot on how to choose it, but i what i can't find anywhere is, what's the physical significance of the a, if we were to draw the series, how will the choice of a affect it?