Vaporization (or vaporisation) of an element or compound is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapor. There are two types of vaporization: evaporation and boiling. Evaporation is a surface phenomenon, whereas boiling is a bulk phenomenon.
Evaporation is a phase transition from the liquid phase to vapour (a state of substance below critical temperature) that occurs at temperatures below the boiling temperature at a given pressure. Evaporation occurs on the surface. Evaporation only occurs when the partial pressure of vapor of a substance is less than the equilibrium vapor pressure. For example, due to constantly decreasing pressures, vapor pumped out of a solution will eventually leave behind a cryogenic liquid.
Boiling is also a phase transition from the liquid phase to gas phase, but boiling is the formation of vapor as bubbles of vapor below the surface of the liquid. Boiling occurs when the equilibrium vapor pressure of the substance is greater than or equal to the environmental pressure. The temperature at which boiling occurs is the boiling temperature, or boiling point. The boiling point varies with the pressure of the environment.
Sublimation is a direct phase transition from the solid phase to the gas phase, skipping the intermediate liquid phase. Because it does not involve the liquid phase, it is not a form of vaporization.
The term vaporization has also been used in a colloquial or hyperbolic way to refer to the physical destruction of an object that is exposed to intense heat or explosive force, where the object is actually blasted into small pieces rather than literally converted to gaseous form. Examples of this usage include the "vaporization" of the uninhabited Marshall Island of Elugelab in the 1952 Ivy Mike thermonuclear test.At the moment of a large enough meteor or comet impact, bolide detonation, a nuclear fission, thermonuclear fusion, or theoretical antimatter weapon detonation, a flux of so many gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visual light and heat photons strikes matter in a such brief amount of time (a great number of high-energy photons, many overlapping in the same physical space) that all molecules lose their atomic bonds and "fly apart". All atoms lose their electron shells and become positively charged ions, in turn emitting photons of a slightly lower energy than they had absorbed. All such matter becomes a gas of nuclei and electrons which rise into the air due to the extremely high temperature or bond to each other as they cool. The matter vaporized this way is immediately a plasma in a state of maximum entropy and this state steadily reduces via the factor of passing time due to natural processes in the biosphere and the effects of physics at normal temperatures and pressures.
A similar process occurs during ultrashort pulse Laser ablation, where the high flux of incoming electromagnetic radiation strips the target material's surface of electrons, leaving positively charged atoms which undergo a coulomb explosion.
If one were to take a powerful source of electricity, such as a bank of high-voltage electrolytic capacitors, and short the source across a thin length of metal wire, the wire would "vaporize."
My question, is what is actually happening to this wire? If it were a very thin strand of aluminum...
Homework Statement
Calculate the Gibb’s energy of the vaporization of 1 kg of water at 50° C and 1 bar. The enthalpy change for the vaporization of water at its normal boiling point is 2257 J/g, and the heat capacities of liquid and vapour water are 4.18 J/g·K and 2.09J/g·K respectively...
Homework Statement
Suppose 1 g of water vaporizes isobarically at atmosphere pressure (1.013 x 105 Pa). Its volume in the liquid state is Vi = 1 cm3, and its volume in the vapor state is Vf = 1671 cm3. Find the change in internal energyHomework Equations
\Delta U = \Delta Q - \Delta W
\Delta...
Suppose the latent heat of vaporization of H2O were twice its actual value.
(a) Other things being equal, would it take the same time, a shorter time, or a longer time for a pot of water on a stove to boil away?
(b) Would the evaporative cooling mechanism of the human body be as...
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=21003&stc=1&d=1255013927
I need help for number 2(b)
A student investigates the evaporation of water. He pours 100 cm3 of water into measuring
cylinder A and 100 cm3 of water into measuring cylinder B. Measuring cylinder A is kept...
Homework Statement
If a person breathes 10 liters per minute of air at 68 degrees F and 50% relative humidity, how much water per day must the internal membranes supply to saturate the air at 98.6 degrees F. (assume all the moisture is exhaled) If each gram of water extracts 580 calories as...
Latent heat of vaporization "Water" thermodynamic
-first of all I want to know if the "latent heat of vaporiasation " of water is related to the initial pressure of water ?
-If LHV of water is variable with the variation of pressure , how can we calculate the heat needed to vaporise a...
Homework Statement
The molar heat fusion and vaporization of benzene are 10.9kJ/mol and 31.0 kJ/mol, respectively. The melting temperature of benzene is 5.5C and it boils at 80.1C.
a) calculate the entropy changes for solid to liquid, and liquid to vapor of benzene
b) would you expect the...
Hello all
I performed a lab where we put a graduated cylinder filled to 90% with water upside down in a large beaker filled with water and measured the volume of the air bubble inside the graduated cylinder at different temperatures. When I graphed Ln(PH20) vs. 1/T I got a slope of -10412...
I am doing a lab writeup and am completely lost.
Summary of lab itself:
Calculated the vapour pressure of chloroform (TCM) across a range of temperatures (using flask apparatus).
Objective is to determine the heat of vaporization of TCM using the variation of vapour pressure with temperature...
Homework Statement
see attachment
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I think I would divide the approximate slope from the beggining by the approximate slope at the end but I'm not sure if that is correct. Also, I do not know how to come up with a number answer.
Homework Statement
A certain liquid has a standard enthalpy of vaporization of 32 KJ/mol. Calculate q, w, delta H and delta U when 0.75 mol is vaporized at 260 K and 765 Torr.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I was able to get delta H, but the solution states...
hi, I'm new around here but i really need your help this question is similar to one already solved here some years ago
so my problem is:
1.The vapour pressure of benzene between 10°C and 30°C fits the
expression log(p/Torr) = 7.960 - 1780/(T/K). Calculate (a) the enthalpy of...
Homework Statement
from the following observations made during an experiment,determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
initial mass of water 400g
final mass of water 450g
mass of calorimeter 200g
initial temperature of water & calorimeter 16 degrees
final temperature...
Homework Statement
from the following observations made during an experiment, determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
initial mass of water 400g, final mass of water 450g (the extra is condensed steam)
mass of calorimeter 200g, initial temp of water & calorimeter...
Homework Statement
What mass of steam at 100 Celcius must be added to 1.00 kg of ice at 0 Celcius to yield liquid water at 20 Celcius.
Homework Equations
Q = mL
Q = mc(deltaT)
change in energy = 0
The Attempt at a Solution
Ice
m= 1.00
c = 2100
T1 = 0
Tf =
L = 333...
Homework Statement
A lightning flash transfers 2.5 C of charge and 3.3 MJ of energy to the Earth.
(a) Across what potential difference did it travel? 1.32 MV
(b) How much water could this boil and vaporize, starting from room temperature?
Homework Equations
need...
Simple Q - Latent Heat of vaporization H20 @15 C and 115 C
sorry , I have reposted in the homework help section...
I am not good a math and physics and I am taking a intro Food Engineering course. My question on my assignment states " Find the latent heat of vaporization for water at 15 °C...
"vaporization" gun
I got my information on speeds of sound through various materials from this page: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/soundv.html#c1
Material v (m/s)
Diamond 12000
Pyrex glass 5640
Iron 5130
Aluminum 5100
Brass 4700
Copper 3560
Gold 3240...
Homework Statement
Ethanol boils at a temp. of 78.29 degrees C. What amount of energy, in joules, is necessary to heat to boiling and then completely vaporize a 23 g sample of ethanol initially at 12 degrees C?
Homework Equations
q=mass x constant x change in temp ?
The Attempt at...
Homework Statement
I have a certain amount of water, which is heated by a 12V battery, which has an electric current of 13A. I need to work out the time taken to reach boiling temp, where the specific heat of water is given as 4200 J kg -1 C -1? Also need to know how to calculate the time...
I'm trying to learn about how differing distillation curves affect gasoline's performance. I'm coming at this from the perspective of a performance engine enthusiast who uses racing fuels. My research thus far indicates typical pump fuels have a 90% distillation temp in excess of 300 degrees...
The measured value of the latent heat of vaporization of argon (at 1 atm) is
6.43 kJ/mol. Use this to estimate the binding energy.
(Given answer: 0.059 eV)
[Boiling point @ 1atm: 87.3K]
My initial approach was that since 6,430 joules worth of bonds had to be broken for a mole of Argon to...
Ok I got this problem...
Now I figured Vi = 33.7L and to find Vf, i used the density to determine what volume that 1.10 moles of water would need...
Vf = (1.1mol * (2(1.0079) + 15.999)g/mol) * (1 cm^3/0.996g) * (1L/1x10^6 cm^3) = 1.878 x 10^-5 L
Using w = -P delta V or w = -P(Vf-Vi)...
How would you calculate the heat of vaporization of titanium (IV) chloride using the following data:
Ti (s) + 2Cl2 (g)-----TiCl4 (l) Standard Molar Enthalpy of formation= -804.2 KJ/mole
Ti (s) + 2Cl2 (g)-----TiCl4 (g) Standard Molar Enthalpy of formation= -763.2 KJ/mole
Is it...
If a solution is heated to dryness, a powder will be left. But under evaporation, a crystal will form. So what's the difference between crystallization and vaporization? How is the process of crystallization?
Are all the opaque (or milky) solutions contain a precipitate? And why some liquids...
Help!---heat Of Vaporization
I could really use some help with this please!
125 grams of dry ice (solid CO2)is dropped into a beaker containg 500 grams of 66 degree celsius water. The dry ice converts directly to gas, leaving the solution. When the dry ice is gone, the final temperature of...
Me again...
Is it possible to find th etemperature of the steam if the water boils at 96 degrees Celsius? How?
Another one, the boiling temperature of a liquid vaires with atmospheric pressure. Does the heat of vaporization vary with the boiling temperature of a liquid? Can someone...