8.4.2 - Computing ∫ x² cos(x) dx

In summary, the conversation discussed using integration by parts to solve the integral $\int {x}^{2}\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx$, but the solution could not be fully obtained. The conversation then turned to using the same method again, but with a different approach. This led to a particular solution of $(x^2-2)\sin(x)+2x\cos(x)$ and a general solution of $(x^2-2)\sin(x)+2x\cos(x)+C$. This method is commonly used in the study of ordinary differential equations.
  • #1
karush
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8.4.2
$$\int {x}^{2}\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx
= {x}^{2}\sin\left({x}\right)
-2\sin\left({x}\right)
+2x\cos\left({x}\right)
+ C
$$
$$uv-\int v \ du $$
$$u={x}^{2}\ \ \ dv=\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx $$
$$du=2x \ dx \ \ \ \ v=\sin\left({x}\right)$$
$${x}^{2}\sin\left({x}\right)-\int\sin\left({x}\right)\ 2x \ dx $$
tried to finish but couldn't get the answer.
 
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  • #2
Re: 8.4.2

karush said:
8.4.2
$$\int {x}^{2}\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx
= {x}^{2}\sin\left({x}\right)
-2\sin\left({x}\right)
+2x\cos\left({x}\right)
+ C
$$
$$uv-\int v \ du $$
$$u={x}^{2}\ \ \ dv=\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx $$
$$du=2x \ dx \ \ \ \ v=\sin\left({x}\right)$$
$${x}^{2}\sin\left({x}\right)-\int\sin\left({x}\right)\ 2x \ dx $$
tried to finish but couldn't get the answer.

Use integration by parts again...
 
  • #3
Rewrite $\int\cos\left({x}\right)\ 2x \ dx $ as $2\int x\cos\left({x}\right) \ dx $
Then
$\displaystyle u=x \ \ \ \ \ \ \ dv=\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx $
$\displaystyle du=dx \ \ \ \ \ v=\sin\left({x}\right)$
Then
$$uv-\int v \ du \implies 2\sin\left({x}\right)
-2x\sin\left({x}\right)$$
Finally
$$\int {x}^{2}\cos\left({x}\right)\ dx
= {x}^{2}\sin\left({x}\right)
-2\sin\left({x}\right)
+2x\cos\left({x}\right)
+ C
$$
 
  • #4
We could write:

\(\displaystyle I(x)=\int x^2\cos(x)\,dx\)

Thus, differenting w.r.t $x$, we have the first order linear ODE:

\(\displaystyle \d{I}{x}=x^2\cos(x)\)

We immediately see that the homogeneous solution is:

\(\displaystyle I_h(x)=c_1\)

Then we may assume a particular solution of the form:

\(\displaystyle I_p(x)=(Ax^2+Bx+C)\sin(x)+(Dx^2+Ex+F)\cos(x)\)

Hence:

\(\displaystyle I_p'(x)=(Ax^2+Bx+C)\cos(x)+(2Ax+B)\sin(x)-(Dx^2+Ex+F)\sin(x)+(2Dx+E)\cos(x)=(-Dx^2+(2A-E)x+(B-F))\sin(x)+(Ax^2+(B+2D)x+(C+E))\cos(x)\)

Substituting this into the ODE, we obtain the system:

\(\displaystyle -D=0\)

\(\displaystyle 2A-E=0\)

\(\displaystyle B-F=0\)

\(\displaystyle A=1\)

\(\displaystyle B+2D=0\)

\(\displaystyle C+E=0\)

Solving this system, we obtain:

\(\displaystyle (A,B,C,D,E,F)=(1,0,-2,0,2,0)\)

And so we have:

\(\displaystyle I_p(x)=(x^2-2)\sin(x)+(2x)\cos(x)\)

Hence, by the principle of superposition, we find:

\(\displaystyle I(x)=I_p(x)+I_h(x)=(x^2-2)\sin(x)+2x\cos(x)+C\)

And so we conclude:

\(\displaystyle \int x^2\cos(x)\,dx=(x^2-2)\sin(x)+2x\cos(x)+C\)
 
  • #5
Wow that was interesting
I assume that would be used verses recycling by parts till you get $du=dx$
 
  • #6
karush said:
Wow that was interesting
I assume that would be used verses recycling by parts till you get $du=dx$

That's a method you will encounter when you study ordinary differential equations...I just posted it to look impressive to be informative. :)
 
  • #7
I swallowed hard ...
 

FAQ: 8.4.2 - Computing ∫ x² cos(x) dx

What is the method for computing ∫ x² cos(x) dx?

The method for computing this integral is by using integration by parts. This involves breaking down the integrand into two parts and using the formula ∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu to solve the integral.

What are the steps for using integration by parts to solve ∫ x² cos(x) dx?

The steps for using integration by parts to solve this integral are:
1. Identify u and dv in the integrand
2. Use the formula ∫ udv = uv - ∫ vdu to solve the integral
3. Simplify the resulting integral
4. Repeat the process until the integral is in a solvable form

How do I choose u and dv when using integration by parts?

When choosing u and dv, it is important to follow the acronym "LIATE", which stands for logarithmic, inverse trigonometric, algebraic, trigonometric, and exponential functions. The function with the highest priority in this acronym should be chosen as u, while the other function should be chosen as dv.

Is there a shortcut for solving ∫ x² cos(x) dx?

No, there is no shortcut for solving this integral. Integration by parts is the most efficient method for solving it without using advanced techniques such as substitution or trigonometric identities.

Can I use a calculator to solve ∫ x² cos(x) dx?

Yes, you can use a calculator to solve this integral, but it is important to understand the steps involved in solving it using integration by parts. Calculators can provide a quick and accurate answer, but they should not be relied upon solely without understanding the underlying concepts.

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