The initial velocity of a shell fired vertically upwards is the velocity at which it is launched from the ground. This velocity is typically denoted as v0 and is usually given in meters per second (m/s).
Air resistance, also known as drag, acts in the opposite direction of the shell's motion and decreases its velocity. This results in a shorter vertical distance and a longer time for the shell to reach its maximum height.
The maximum height reached by a shell fired vertically upwards is determined by the initial velocity, the acceleration due to gravity, and the effects of air resistance. Other factors such as the mass and shape of the shell can also play a role.
The time it takes for a shell fired vertically upwards to reach its maximum height is determined by the initial velocity and the acceleration due to gravity. This time can be calculated using the formula t = v0/g, where t is the time in seconds, v0 is the initial velocity, and g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s2).
The final velocity of a shell fired vertically upwards when it reaches its maximum height is zero. This is because at the maximum height, the shell's vertical velocity is zero before it starts to fall back to the ground due to the acceleration of gravity.