A strong version of Dominated Convergence Theorem - Real Analysis

In summary: R}^{p}} | f_{n} (x) | dx) By hypothesis, \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g (x) dx = \lim_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g_{n} (x) dx, and \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} | f_{n} (x) | dx \leq \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g_{n} (x) dx By the squeeze theorem,
  • #1
SqueeSpleen
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Homework Statement



Let [itex](g_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}[/itex] a sequence functions integrable over [itex]\mathbb{R}^{p}[/itex] such that:
[itex]g_{n} (x) \longrightarrow g(x)[/itex] almost everywhere in [itex]\mathbb{R}^{p}[/itex], where [itex]g[/itex] is a function integrable over [itex]\mathbb{R}^{p}[/itex].
Given [itex](f_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}[/itex] a sequence of functions measurable over [itex]\mathbb{R}^{p}[/itex] such that:
[itex]| f_{n} | \leq g_{n}[/itex], for all [itex]n \in \mathbb{N}[/itex] and [itex]f_{n}(x) \longrightarrow f(x)[/itex] a.e in [itex]\mathbb{R}^{p}[/itex], prove that:
[itex]\displaystyle \int_{R^{p}} g(x) dx = \lim_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g_{n} (x) dx \Longrightarrow \displaystyle \int_{R^{p}} f(x) dx = \lim_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} f_{n} (x) dx [/itex]


2. The attempt at a solution

I tried to [itex]g_{n} - | f_{n} |[/itex] as a sequence of nonnegative functions, but I need the sequence to be an increasing sequence to be able to apply Beppo-Levi's theorem.

Fatou's lemma didn't help me neither:

[itex] \displaystyle \int g-|f|\leq \liminf_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int g_{n} - |f_{n}| [/itex]
[itex] \displaystyle \int - | f | \leq \liminf_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int - | f_{n} | [/itex]
[itex] \limsup_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int |f_{n}| \leq \displaystyle \int |f |[/itex]
And by Fatou's lemma:
[itex] \displaystyle \int | f | \leq \liminf_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int |f_{n}| [/itex]
As [itex] \liminf \leq \limsup [/itex] both limits are the same and
[itex] \lim_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int |f_{n}| = \displaystyle \int |f | [/itex]

Instead of using [itex]| f |[/itex] I could use [itex] f^{+} [/itex] and [itex] f^{-} [/itex] and prove the theorem?

I couldn't solve this problem in weeks, I was going to post it to get some help and I only tried to do it once more because I don't like to have to read my handwrite to transcribe it to the PC and I wanted to show that I really tried but it appears that I finally did it, it's not the first time that the exercise of writing it in this forum made me solve a problem, but this time I'm posting it anyway because I'm not sure if my proof is correct.
 
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  • #2
Proof: Let (h_{n})_{n \in \mathbb{N}} a sequence defined by: h_{n} (x) = g_{n} (x) - | f_{n} (x) |The sequence (h_{n}) is an increasing sequence of nonnegative functions, because for all n \in \mathbb{N} : g_{n} (x) \geq | f_{n} (x) | and for all m \leq n \in \mathbb{N} : g_{m}(x) \leq g_{n}(x).By Beppo-Levi's theorem, \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} \limsup_{n \to \infty} h_{n} (x) dx = \limsup_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} h_{n} (x) dx. And by the hypothesis, \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} \limsup_{n \to \infty} h_{n} (x) dx = \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g (x) dx. Therefore, \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g (x) dx = \limsup_{n \to \infty} \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} h_{n} (x) dx But \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} h_{n} (x) dx = \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g_{n} (x) dx - \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} | f_{n} (x) | dx Then, \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g (x) dx = \limsup_{n \to \infty} ( \displaystyle \int_{\mathbb{R}^{p}} g_{n
 

FAQ: A strong version of Dominated Convergence Theorem - Real Analysis

What is the Dominated Convergence Theorem?

The Dominated Convergence Theorem is a fundamental theorem in real analysis that allows for the interchange of limits and integrals under certain conditions. It states that if a sequence of functions converges pointwise to a limit function and is uniformly bounded by an integrable function, then the limit function is also integrable and the integral of the sequence converges to the integral of the limit function.

What is the difference between the Dominated Convergence Theorem and its strong version?

The strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem is a more powerful version of the original theorem. It requires the sequence of functions to converge almost everywhere instead of just pointwise, and the dominating function must also be integrable on the entire domain, not just locally integrable.

What are the applications of the strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem?

The strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem has many important applications in mathematics and science. It is commonly used in the proof of other theorems, such as the Lebesgue Dominated Convergence Theorem, and it is also used in the study of probability and measure theory.

What are the limitations of the strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem?

While the strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem is a powerful tool, it does have its limitations. It only applies to sequences of functions, not series, and it requires the existence of a dominating function, which may not always be easy to find. Additionally, it does not hold for non-measurable functions.

How does the strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem relate to other convergence theorems?

The strong version of the Dominated Convergence Theorem is related to other convergence theorems, such as the Monotone Convergence Theorem and the Fatou's Lemma. It can be seen as a generalization of these theorems, as it encompasses their conditions and also allows for more flexibility in the choice of the dominating function.

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