Angular momentum of orbit from orbit parameters and mass of sun

In summary, the conversation discusses the calculation of the angular momentum of a planet in the gravitational field of the sun, with a given semi-major axis a and semi-minor axis b. After applying Kepler's laws and using the formula for the area of an ellipse, the correct answer for the angular momentum is found to be L = √(2G M m^2 ab/(a+b)), which is consistent with the answer derived from energy and angular momentum conservation. The previously given answer, L = √(GM m^2 b^2/a), is incorrect as it assumes a circular orbit.
  • #1
Kaguro
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Homework Statement
A planet of mass m moves in the gravitational field of sun ( mass M). If semi major and minor axes are a and b respectively, the angular momentum of the planet is what?
Relevant Equations
Area of ellipse ##\pi ab##

Kepler's laws
L = mvr = mr (dr/dt) = 2m*r*(dr/dt)/2 = 2m*(dA/dt)
So, A = (L/2m)T
so, ## L = \frac{2 \pi a b m}{T}##

Now, ##T^2 = \frac{4 \pi^2}{GM} a^3##
So from all these, I get
##L = \sqrt{ \frac{GM m^2 b^2}{a}}##

But answer given is
##L = \sqrt{ \frac{2GM m^2 ab}{a+b}}##
(This, they have derived from energy and angular momentum conservation.)

What is wrong? Where's this inconsistency coming from?
 
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  • #2
Kaguro said:
Homework Statement:: A planet of mass m moves in the gravitational field of sun ( mass M). If semi major and minor axes are a and b respectively, the angular momentum of the planet is what?
Relevant Equations:: Area of ellipse ##\pi ab##

Kepler's laws

L = mvr = mr (dr/dt) = 2m*r*(dr/dt)/2 = 2m*(dA/dt)
So, A = (L/2m)T
so, ## L = \frac{2 \pi a b m}{T}##

Now, ##T^2 = \frac{4 \pi^2}{GM} a^3##
So from all these, I get
##L = \sqrt{ \frac{GM m^2 b^2}{a}}##

But answer given is
##L = \sqrt{ \frac{2GM m^2 ab}{a+b}}##
(This, they have derived from energy and angular momentum conservation.)

What is wrong? Where's this inconsistency coming from?
I prefer your answer. So does this:

https://www.lehman.edu/faculty/anchordoqui/chapter25.pdf

See equation 25.B.20.

Why didn't you find that pdf? :wink:
 
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  • #3
Cant find a mistake in your answer either.

Just to rewrite your first line using cross product because the way it is written as simple multiplication is wrong
$$\vec{L}=m\vec{r}\times\frac{d\vec{r}}{dt}=2m\frac{1}{2}\vec{r}\times\frac{d\vec{r}}{dt}\Rightarrow |\vec{L}|=2m\frac{dA}{dt}$$ where ##A## is the area that the radius vector ##\vec{r}## spans.
 
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  • #4
Ah...

I now realize that the answer given is wrong, because they assumed the orbit is circular.
When I put a=b, the two answers are consistent.

But even after assuming that a=b, they still wrote them as though they are different.

Thank you both of you.
 
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FAQ: Angular momentum of orbit from orbit parameters and mass of sun

What is angular momentum of orbit?

Angular momentum of orbit is a measure of the rotational motion of an object around a central point, such as the sun. It is calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by its velocity and the distance from the central point.

How are orbit parameters related to angular momentum?

Orbit parameters, such as the eccentricity and semi-major axis, determine the shape and size of an orbit. These parameters are directly related to the angular momentum of the orbit, as they affect the distance and velocity of the object in orbit.

What is the role of the mass of the sun in calculating angular momentum?

The mass of the sun is a crucial factor in calculating the angular momentum of an orbit. The greater the mass of the sun, the stronger its gravitational pull, resulting in a higher velocity and greater distance for the orbiting object, thus increasing its angular momentum.

How does angular momentum affect the stability of an orbit?

Angular momentum plays a significant role in determining the stability of an orbit. The higher the angular momentum, the more stable the orbit will be, as it requires more energy to change the object's direction or distance from the central point.

Can angular momentum be conserved in an orbit?

Yes, angular momentum is a conserved quantity in an orbit. This means that it remains constant unless acted upon by an external force, such as the gravitational pull of another object. This conservation of angular momentum is known as Kepler's second law of planetary motion.

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