Are the E and B fields in phase in an EM wave?

In summary, the mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields in an EM wave are in phase, with their maximum values occurring simultaneously. However, the discussion also mentions that the changing E field produces the B field and vice-versa, leading to the belief that the B field should be a maximum when the E field is changing most rapidly. This is due to the fact that the E field changes most rapidly with time and the magnetic field changes most rapidly along its direction of travel. The energy in the fields is stored alternately, similar to kinetic and potential energy in SHM. Thus, the maximum values of E and B may appear to be out of phase when graphed at one location as a function of time, but they still occur at the same
  • #1
john b
9
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I keep looking at a sketch of the mutually perpendicular electric & magnetic fields in an EM wave. The sketch (and my text) says they are in phase, i.e. their maximum values occur simultaneously, ...

...but the discussion centers around the changing E field producing the B field and vice-versa. My gut tells me that the B field then should be a maximum when the E field is changing most rapidly, i.e. NOT at its max value. I think that discussion in the book also says that the energy is stored alternately in the E and B -- analogous with the kinetic and potential energy in SHM.

Both of these thoughts make me want to say that the maximum valuse should be out of phase -- where I am thinking incorrectly? Thanks
 
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  • #2
When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

[tex]\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}[/tex]
 
  • #3
Phrak said:
When the E field changes the most rapidly with time, the magnetic field changes most rapidly along it direction of travel, and the converse.

[tex]\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t} = \frac{\Delta B}{\Delta s}[/tex]

The classic picture I'm talking about is a graph of E & B on a x-y-z axis with the two sinosoidal curves in phase and perpendicular -- is it correct then to say, that the maximum values of E & B occur, at one instant, at the same locations along the Z axis but, if I graphed the fields at one location as a function of time, the maximum values would be 180deg out of phase?
 

FAQ: Are the E and B fields in phase in an EM wave?

What is meant by "E & B in phase" in an EM wave?

"E & B in phase" refers to the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave oscillating in the same direction at the same time. This means that when the electric field is at its maximum strength, the magnetic field is also at its maximum strength, and when the electric field is at its minimum strength, the magnetic field is also at its minimum strength.

Why is it important for E & B to be in phase in an EM wave?

E & B being in phase is important because it allows for the propagation of the electromagnetic wave. If the fields were not in phase, the wave would not be able to travel through space and carry energy.

How are the electric and magnetic fields related in an EM wave?

The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and are both necessary for the existence and propagation of an electromagnetic wave. As one field changes, it causes the other field to change, thus creating the wave-like behavior of the EM wave.

Can the phase relationship between E & B in an EM wave change?

Yes, the phase relationship between E & B in an EM wave can change. This can happen when the wave interacts with matter or when it travels through different mediums, causing a change in the speed of the wave and altering the alignment of the fields.

How is the phase of an EM wave measured?

The phase of an EM wave can be measured using a variety of methods, such as oscilloscopes or interferometers. These instruments can measure the amplitude and frequency of the wave, as well as the relative phase between the electric and magnetic fields.

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