Aristotle's Theory of Motion is a philosophical explanation of how objects move in the natural world. According to Aristotle, all objects have a natural place and motion, which is either towards their natural place or away from it.
Natural motion is the movement of objects towards their natural place, while violent motion is the movement caused by an external force. Natural motion is continuous and eternal, while violent motion is temporary and eventually comes to an end.
Aristotle's Theory of Motion conflicts with modern physics because it does not account for the concept of inertia. According to Aristotle, an object will naturally come to a rest unless a force is constantly acting on it, whereas in modern physics, an object will continue to move at a constant speed unless acted upon by a force.
Aristotle's Theory of Motion was the dominant explanation of motion for over a thousand years and heavily influenced the work of prominent scientists such as Galileo and Newton. It also sparked debates and further investigations into the nature of motion, leading to new discoveries and advancements in scientific thought.
Aristotle believed that the natural world was made up of four elements (earth, water, air, and fire) and that these elements had a natural place and motion. His theory of motion was closely tied to his belief in a hierarchical universe, where everything had a specific role and purpose. This perspective influenced his ideas about biology, astronomy, and metaphysics.