Batteries: capacity, charging and discharing rate meaning

In summary, the battery's capacity (the amount of charge it can store) is determined by the rate of discharge.
  • #1
fisico30
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Hello Forum,

Battery chargers are devices to put energy into a secondary (rechargable) bttery by forcing an electric current through it. The charge current depends on the technology and capacity of the battery being charged.

The capacity of a battery represent the amount of electric charge (Coulomb) stored in the battery. The Coulomb unit is equivalent to Ampere-second.

A bucket of water has a certain volume and can contain a certain amount of water. The water capacity of the bucket is the same regardless of how fast or slowly we fill or empty the bucket. In the case of chemical batteries it does not work that way: the capacity of the battery depends on the charge/discharge rate. For instance, the faster we discharge a battery (large discharge current) the less the capacity that the battery offers.

I "think" that the capacity that is usually given for a battery tacitly implies a discharge rate of 1C. Is that correct? For instance, a 12 V battery has 1000mAh capacity. It means that at 1A drawn current the battery will last 1 hour and then will be completely discharged (or reach a certain terminal voltage < 12V). The implied discharging current is 1A.

Is this correct?

The charging can be different: to charge a battery from 0V to 12V we can use current of different magnitudes. The larger the current the faster the charging.
The rating for charging could be different for the same battery: 12V at 500 mAh. The 500mhA means that the battery will reach a total charge Q of 500 mAh if a charging current of 0.5A is used...

In summary, the capacity (amount of charge storable inside the battery) depends on if we are talking about charging or discharing and on the magnitude of the current used...

So what is the max amount of charge we can store in a battery? Of course, that has to do with the charging phase. Does a small charging current lead to the max possible storable charge?

When looking at a battery specs, is it possible for the nominal voltage for the discharging be different for the discharging?

Thanks,
Fisico30
 
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  • #2
A couple clarifications...

Batteries do not store charge. They store energy in the form of chemical energy. That energy is released as you draw current out of the battery, and the energy is stored when you charge the battery.

The discharge time depends on the rate of discharge. Look at datasheets for representative batteries to see what I mean. I'll find one with Google Images and post it below.

http://www.ibt-power.com/Lead_acid_tech/Discharge_1.jpg

Discharge_1.jpg
 

FAQ: Batteries: capacity, charging and discharing rate meaning

1. What is the capacity of a battery?

The capacity of a battery refers to the amount of charge it can hold. It is typically measured in ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh). This indicates the maximum amount of current that can be drawn from the battery over a specific amount of time.

2. How does the charging rate affect a battery?

The charging rate refers to the speed at which a battery can be recharged. A higher charging rate means that the battery can be charged faster, but it can also lead to a shorter overall lifespan of the battery. It is important to follow the recommended charging rate for your specific battery to prevent damage.

3. What is the discharging rate of a battery?

The discharging rate of a battery refers to the speed at which it releases its stored energy. This is usually measured in amperes (A) or milliamperes (mA). It is important to note that the discharging rate can vary depending on the type of battery and the load it is powering.

4. What does the discharging rate mean for battery life?

The discharging rate can have a significant impact on the lifespan of a battery. A high discharging rate can cause the battery to drain quickly, resulting in a shorter overall lifespan. It is important to use the battery within its recommended discharging rate to prolong its life.

5. Can a battery's capacity be increased?

In general, a battery's capacity cannot be increased. However, using a higher capacity battery or connecting multiple batteries in parallel can increase the total amount of charge that can be stored and drawn from the system. It is important to note that this may also affect the charging and discharging rates of the battery.

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