Birthday problem formula is wrong?

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In summary, the conversation discussed the birthday problem solution on Wikipedia, which calculates the probability of at least two people having the same birthday in a room of n people. The formula used is P = d! / (d^n * (d - n)!), where d represents the days in a year and n represents the number of people in the room. Through a computer simulation and analytical calculations, it was determined that the probability of a match between at least two people is approximately 77.8% in a room of 3 people. However, the Wikipedia article uses a complementary probability, with the correct probability being 1 - 6/27 = 21/27.
  • #1
CyberShot
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The birthday problem solution on Wikipedia seems to beP = Prob of having at least 2 people having the same birthday, given n

d = days in a year

n = # of people in room P = d! / (d^n * (d - n)!) To make calculations easy, let's assume there are 3 days in a year, thus 3 possible birthdays and 3 people in a room.

According to the formula, the prob of a match should be = 3! / (3^3 * 0!)

P = 6 / 27, or roughly 22.2% of the time there should be a match.

Does anyone else think this sounds way too low?

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Now, I did it the long way, and I came up with what I think should be the answer

P = 21 / 27 or roughly 77.8 % of the time

I've also run a computer simulation to corroborate my analytical findings, and, in a room of 3 people, there was a match of at least 2 people between 77 - 82 % of the time out of a 100 runs.
 
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  • #2
In your expression for p, p means the probability that no one has the same birthday.
 
  • #3
The wikipedia article says :

[tex] \bar{p} = \frac{d!}{d^n \, (d-n)!} [/tex]

The "bar" means it's the complementary probability. So [itex]p = 1 - \bar{p}[/itex] and the correct probability for the question you posed is 1 - 6/27 = 21/27.
 

Related to Birthday problem formula is wrong?

What is the birthday problem formula and why is it wrong?

The birthday problem formula is a mathematical formula used to calculate the probability that in a group of people, at least two individuals share the same birthday. It is often used in probability and statistics. However, the formula is considered incorrect because it does not take into account leap years and assumes that all days in a year are equally likely to be a person's birthday.

How does the incorrect birthday problem formula affect the calculated probability?

The incorrect formula underestimates the actual probability of two people sharing the same birthday. This is because it does not consider the fact that some days, such as February 29th, are less likely to be a person's birthday. This leads to a lower estimated probability than the actual probability.

Why is it important to use the correct formula in probability calculations?

Using the correct formula is important because it provides a more accurate estimation of the probability. This is especially important in real-world scenarios where the probability of an event can have significant implications, such as in the field of finance or risk assessment.

Are there any other factors that can affect the accuracy of the birthday problem formula?

Yes, there are other factors that can affect the accuracy of the formula. For example, the formula assumes that all individuals in the group have an equal chance of sharing the same birthday, which may not be the case in reality. It also assumes that the group size is fixed, which may not be true if people are born on different days throughout the year.

Is there an updated formula that takes into account leap years and other factors?

Yes, there is an updated formula called the "Generalized Birthday Problem" formula that takes into account leap years and other factors. This formula provides a more accurate estimation of the probability of two people sharing the same birthday in a group. It is important to use this updated formula for more precise calculations.

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