Bob and Alice at the Event Horizon again.

In summary: This is a difficult question because there is no way to know for sure what is happening in the interior of the black hole. But according to the information theory, the information carried by the photons travelling between the front and the back of the object should decrease exponentially as the distance between the front and the back increases. In summary, the event horizon concept is slippery and difficult to understand.
  • #1
anorlunda
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You may be weary of the repeated questions about event horizons. The concepts are slippery.

Imagine Bob and Alice. Bob free falls into the black hole. For simplicity, assume he falls along a radial geodesic with no tangential component. Alice remains outside to observe.

Alice observes Bob getting smeared over the surface and getting red shifted out of existence.

Bob observes nothing remarkable at all (as long as he remains far from the singularity). That's where I have trouble understanding.

Suppose Bob extends his arm pointing at the center of the black hole. At some point Bob's hand is inside the event horizon but his eyes are not. Won't his hand disappear?

Even inside it seems that his hand should remain disappeared. Suppose the Schwarzschild radius is R1, Bob's eye is at R2, and Bob's hand at R3. R3<R2<R1. The curvature of space at R1 is just enough to guarantee that no interior geodesics crosses the R1 boundary, but at any smaller radius R the curvature is even more.

Then light leaving Bob's hand at R3 finds no geodesic extending radially outward to Bob's eye at R2. Of course as Bob moves inward, his eye eventually arrives at R3 and could meet some photons emitted from his hand earlier, but the image of the hand would be totally smeared.

According to this logic, in the interior volume of the black hole, no light or information should be able to travel radially outward regardless of the starting point. In effect, all interior radii are event horizons.

Even looking backward toward the horizon, I think Bob should see the distortions caused by gravitational lensing. Light from stars at the periphery of Bob's vision should appear to shift closer to the radial center of his gaze.

So I reason that Bob sees nothing but a black smear looking radially inward, and nothing but a point source of light looking radially outward. How can it be that Bob observes nothing remarkable at all?
 
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  • #2
anorlunda said:
Suppose Bob extends his arm pointing at the center of the black hole. At some point Bob's hand is inside the event horizon but his eyes are not. Won't his hand disappear?
Nope, because by the time light from his hand reaches his eyes his eyes also have passed the event horizon, so therefore he can always sees his hand.


anorlunda said:
Even inside it seems that his hand should remain disappeared. Suppose the Schwarzschild radius is R1, Bob's eye is at R2, and Bob's hand at R3. R3<R2<R1. The curvature of space at R1 is just enough to guarantee that no interior geodesics crosses the R1 boundary, but at any smaller radius R the curvature is even more.

Then light leaving Bob's hand at R3 finds no geodesic extending radially outward to Bob's eye at R2. Of course as Bob moves inward, his eye eventually arrives at R3 and could meet some photons emitted from his hand earlier, but the image of the hand would be totally smeared.
Why do you think the image would be smeared?

Now an interesting thought experiment would be:

Imagine a free falling (from infinity) extended object of length L falling through the event horizon. At what point, if at all, does the distance between the front and the back of L increase faster than c?
 

FAQ: Bob and Alice at the Event Horizon again.

What is "Bob and Alice at the Event Horizon again." all about?

"Bob and Alice at the Event Horizon again." is a hypothetical scenario that explores the concept of an event horizon, which is the point of no return around a black hole. In this scenario, Bob and Alice are two astronauts who are approaching the event horizon and must make a decision about their fate.

What is an event horizon?

An event horizon is a boundary around a black hole beyond which no light or matter can escape. It is the point of no return, and anything that crosses the event horizon will be pulled into the black hole.

Why is the concept of an event horizon important in astrophysics?

The concept of an event horizon is important because it helps us understand the behavior of black holes, which are some of the most mysterious and powerful objects in the universe. It also has implications for our understanding of gravity and the fabric of space-time.

What happens to Bob and Alice when they reach the event horizon?

When Bob and Alice reach the event horizon, they will experience extreme gravitational forces that will stretch and distort their bodies. They will also see strange visual effects due to the warping of space-time. Ultimately, they will be pulled into the black hole and their fate will be unknown.

Is the scenario of "Bob and Alice at the Event Horizon again." scientifically accurate?

While the scenario is based on scientific concepts and theories, it is a hypothetical situation and cannot be proven to be accurate. However, it serves as a useful thought experiment for understanding the properties of black holes and the effects of extreme gravity.

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