Calculate the gravitational force between these three masses

  • Thread starter hraghav
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In summary, to calculate the gravitational force between three masses, one must apply Newton's law of universal gravitation, which states that the force between two masses is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The total gravitational force can be determined by calculating the pairwise forces between each pair of masses and then vectorially adding them to find the resultant force acting on each mass.
  • #1
hraghav
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Homework Statement
Three masses are located as follows:
Mass 1 with 𝑚1=5.25×106kg is at 𝑟⃗1=29.9m𝑖̂+17m𝑗̂. Mass 2 with 𝑚2=5.53×106kg is at 𝑟⃗2=40.4m𝑖̂+17m𝑗̂. Mass 3 with 𝑚3=3.2×106kg is at 𝑟⃗3=40.4m𝑖̂+35.4m𝑗̂. What angle does the net force on 𝑚3 make with the positive x-axis 𝑖̂? with the y-axis 𝑗̂?
Relevant Equations
I calculated the magnitude of the net force on 𝑚3 due to 𝑚1 and 𝑚2 to be 5.790N.
Fnet on3 = 1.2365i + 5.657j
for the angle with positive x axis I did: component of fnetx = (magnitude of fnet)*costheta
1.23651 = 5.790*costheta
1.23651/5.790 = costheta
theta = 77.668 degrees

for the angle with positive y axis I did: component of fnety = (magnitude of fnet)*costheta
5.657 = 5.790*costheta
5.657/5.790 = costheta
theta = 12.30 degrees

But I am still getting both wrong. My magnitude of the net force is correct. Could someone please help me with this and let me know where am I making an error?
Thank you
 
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  • #2
hraghav said:
What angle does the net force on 𝑚3 make with the positive x-axis 𝑖̂?
Measured anticlockwise from the positive x axis.
 
  • #3
haruspex said:
Measured anticlockwise from the positive x axis.
Sorry I am just confused what would the equation look like then? would it be -component of fnetx = (magnitude of fnet)*costheta?
 
  • #4
The components that you calculated place the resultant in the first quadrant. They would be correct if the gravitational force were repulsive instead of attractive. Make a drawing to see what's going on.
 
  • #5
hraghav said:
Sorry I am just confused what would the equation look like then? would it be -component of fnetx = (magnitude of fnet)*costheta?
No. As @kuruman indicates, you have the wrong sign on "Fnet on 3".
When you have corrected that, you still need to be careful deducing angles from their trig functions because of quadrant ambiguities.
 

FAQ: Calculate the gravitational force between these three masses

What is the formula to calculate gravitational force between two masses?

The formula to calculate the gravitational force between two masses is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation: \( F = \frac{G \cdot m_1 \cdot m_2}{r^2} \), where \( F \) is the gravitational force, \( G \) is the gravitational constant (approximately \( 6.674 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{Nm}^2/\text{kg}^2 \)), \( m_1 \) and \( m_2 \) are the masses, and \( r \) is the distance between the centers of the two masses.

How do you calculate the net gravitational force on one mass due to two other masses?

To calculate the net gravitational force on one mass due to two other masses, you need to calculate the gravitational force exerted by each of the other masses separately and then use vector addition to find the resultant force. This involves breaking down the forces into their components, summing the components, and then recombining them to find the magnitude and direction of the net force.

Does the distance between the masses affect the gravitational force?

Yes, the distance between the masses significantly affects the gravitational force. According to the formula \( F = \frac{G \cdot m_1 \cdot m_2}{r^2} \), the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the masses. This means that if the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes one-fourth as strong.

What units are used in the gravitational force formula?

In the gravitational force formula, the masses \( m_1 \) and \( m_2 \) are measured in kilograms (kg), the distance \( r \) is measured in meters (m), and the gravitational force \( F \) is measured in newtons (N). The gravitational constant \( G \) has units of \( \text{Nm}^2/\text{kg}^2 \).

Can gravitational force be repulsive?

No, gravitational force is always attractive. It always acts to pull masses toward each other. Unlike electric or magnetic forces, which can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the charges or poles involved, gravity only attracts.

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