Waves are disturbances that travel through a medium, transferring energy from one point to another without transferring matter.
There are two main types of waves: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to travel through, while electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.
Waves are produced by a source, such as a vibration or disturbance, which causes a ripple effect and transfers energy through the medium.
In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the wave, while in longitudinal waves, the particles move parallel to the direction of the wave.
Waves can exhibit a variety of behaviors, including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference. These behaviors are governed by the properties of the medium and the characteristics of the wave itself.