Calculating Laurent series of complex functions

  • #1
MatinSAR
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Homework Statement
Calculate laurent series of following function.
Relevant Equations
series expansion formulas.
1. ##f(z)=\dfrac {\sin z}{z- \pi}## at ##z=\pi## : $$ \dfrac {\sin z}{z- \pi}=\dfrac {\sin(\pi +z- \pi)}{z- \pi}=\dfrac {- \sin(z- \pi)}{z- \pi}=\dfrac {-1}{z- \pi} \sum_{n=0}^\infty \dfrac {(-1)^n (z- \pi)^{2n}}{(2n+1)!}$$My answer has extra ##\dfrac {-1}{z- \pi} ## according to a calculator. Am I wrong?

2. Find the residue of ##f(z)=\dfrac {\sin z} {z^4}## at ##z=0## :
I wrote laurent series ot this. It doesn't have ##1/z##. I think the residue is ##0##. Is it it true?

3. Calculate the residue of the ##f(z)=z^2 \sin \dfrac {1}{z+1}## at its singular points.
I'm not sure what should I do. Should I expand both ##z^2## and ##\sin \dfrac {1}{z+1}## at ##z=-1##?

Any help would be appreciated.
 
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  • #2
1. The sine expansion should have ##(z-\pi)^{2n+1}##, not ##(z-\pi)^{2n}##

2. No. The sine has all odd ##z## in the expansion so in particular the ##z^3## term from the sine becomes a 1/z term when divided by ##z^4##.
 
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  • #3
Orodruin said:
1. The sine expansion should have ##(z-\pi)^{2n+1}##, not ##(z-\pi)^{2n}##
It's clear now.
Orodruin said:
2. No. The sine has all odd ##z## in the expansion so in particular the ##z^3## term from the sine becomes a 1/z term when divided by ##z^4##.
There should be a mistake in my expansion. I will try again.


Thank you for your time.
 
  • #4
Orodruin said:
1. The sine expansion should have ##(z-\pi)^{2n+1}##, not ##(z-\pi)^{2n}##

2. No. The sine has all odd ##z## in the expansion so in particular the ##z^3## term from the sine becomes a 1/z term when divided by ##z^4##.
$$ f(z) = \dfrac{\sin(z)}{z^4} = \dfrac{z - \dfrac{z^3}{3!} + \dfrac{z^5}{5!} - \dfrac{z^7}{7!} + \cdots}{z^4} $$Therefore, the residue of ## f(z) = \frac{\sin(z)}{z^4} ## at ## z = 0## is ## -\frac{1}{6}##. Thank you for your help.
 
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FAQ: Calculating Laurent series of complex functions

What is a Laurent series?

A Laurent series is a representation of a complex function as a power series that can include terms with negative powers. It is particularly useful for functions that are not analytic at certain points, allowing for the expansion around singularities. The general form of a Laurent series for a function \( f(z) \) around a point \( z_0 \) is given by:

f(z) = Σ (a_n (z - z_0)^n) where n ranges from -∞ to +∞.

How do I determine the region of convergence for a Laurent series?

The region of convergence for a Laurent series is determined by identifying the singularities of the function. The series converges in an annular region between two circles centered at the point of expansion \( z_0 \), where the inner radius is the distance to the nearest singularity from \( z_0 \) and the outer radius is the distance to the next singularity. If there are no singularities, the series converges in the entire complex plane.

What are the steps to calculate a Laurent series?

To calculate a Laurent series for a complex function, follow these steps:

  1. Identify the point \( z_0 \) around which you want to expand the function.
  2. Determine the singularities of the function to find the region of convergence.
  3. Rewrite the function in a form suitable for expansion, often by factoring or simplifying.
  4. Use techniques such as partial fraction decomposition, or by manipulating the function into a series form, to extract the coefficients \( a_n \).
  5. Combine the results into the Laurent series format.

What is the significance of negative powers in a Laurent series?

Negative powers in a Laurent series indicate the presence of a singularity at the expansion point. These terms represent the behavior of the function in the vicinity of the singularity. They are crucial for understanding the function's properties, particularly for calculating residues and evaluating integrals using the residue theorem.

How do I find the coefficients of a Laurent series?

The coefficients of a Laurent series can be found using the formula:

a_n = (1/(2πi)) ∫ (f(z) / (z - z_0)^(n+1)) dz

for n ranging over all integers, where the integral is taken over a closed contour around the point \( z_0 \) that lies within the region of convergence. This method allows you to extract each coefficient directly from the function.

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