Gauge pressure under water is the pressure exerted by the weight of the water above a certain point, measured relative to atmospheric pressure. It is typically expressed in units of pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa).
Gauge pressure under water is a measurement of pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, while absolute pressure takes into account the pressure of the atmosphere itself. This means that absolute pressure will always be higher than gauge pressure under water, since it includes the weight of the atmosphere as well.
Gauge pressure under water can be calculated using the formula P = ρgh, where P is the pressure in pascals, ρ is the density of the water in kilograms per cubic meter, g is the acceleration due to gravity in meters per second squared, and h is the depth of the water in meters.
The main factors that can affect gauge pressure under water are the depth of the water, the density of the water, and the strength of the gravitational force. Other factors such as temperature, salinity, and the presence of other substances in the water can also have an impact.
Gauge pressure under water is an important measurement in many areas of scientific research, including oceanography, hydrology, and engineering. It is used to study the effects of water pressure on structures, marine life, and water flow. It is also used to measure the depth and pressure of the ocean in order to better understand ocean currents and climate patterns.