Calculation of ideal ignition temperature for a D-T fusion reaction

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In summary, the ideal ignition temperature for a deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is determined by the conditions required to achieve a self-sustaining fusion process. This temperature is typically in the range of 100 million degrees Celsius, where the kinetic energy of the reacting nuclei overcomes the Coulomb barrier, allowing fusion to occur. Factors influencing this temperature include plasma density, confinement time, and the properties of the fusion fuel. Achieving and maintaining these conditions is crucial for practical fusion energy production.
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freddie_mclair
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TL;DR Summary
Calculating the ideal ignition temperature for a D-T fusion reaction
I've been trying to calculate the ideal ignition temperature for a 50-50% Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) reaction. In the literature this value is ##4.4##keV and I'm getting ##5.2##keV. Here's how I'm carrying out my calculations.

This value can be calculated by making the alpha particle heating, ##S_{\alpha}=(1/4)n^2 E_{\alpha}\langle \sigma v \rangle##, equal to the Bremsstrahlung losses, ##S_B=C_B n^2 \sqrt{T}##:

$$S_{\alpha}=S_B \Leftrightarrow E_{\alpha}\langle \sigma v \rangle-4C_B \sqrt{T}=0$$

The value I get for ##C_B=(\sqrt{2}/3\pi^{5/2})(e^6/(\varepsilon_0^3 c^3 h m_e^{3/2})## is ##4.22\cdot10^{-29}## ##\sqrt{kg}\, m^4\, s^{-2}##, where ##e## is the electron charge, ##\varepsilon_0## the vacuum permittivity, ##h## Planck's constant and ##m_e## the electron mass. The alpha particle energy is ##E_{\alpha}=3.5##keV. For the reactivity, ##\langle \sigma v \rangle##, which is a function of ##T##, I have been using an equation derived analytically from "Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy book by J.P. Freidberg, 2007":

$$ \langle \sigma v \rangle = \frac{4 \sigma_m}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{\frac{2T_m}{m_r}} \left(\frac{T_m}{T}\right)^{2/3}e^{-3(T_m/T)^{1/3}+2} $$

Where ##\sigma_m = 5.03##barns and ##T_m = 296##keV. ##m_r## is the reduced mass of the deuterium and tritium, which is given by ##m_r=(m_D m_T)/(m_D + m_T)##, where ##m_D=2.0141u##, ##m_T=3.01605u## and ##u=1.660\cdot 10^{-28}##kg.

Here are all elements for calculating the ideal ignition temperature, but I feel that I'm messing up somewhere the conversions from keV to Joule or Kelvin.

Can someone help me to troubleshoot what I'm doing wrong? Or, do you indeed get the same value as me?

Thanks in advance!
 
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You can plug all these things in WolframAlpha and let it check your calculations. It will do the unit conversions for you.
 
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freddie_mclair said:
TL;DR Summary: Calculating the ideal ignition temperature for a D-T fusion reaction

In the literature this value is keV and I'm getting keV.
When one refers to the literature, does one mean "Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy book by J.P. Freidberg, 2007", or some other literature. One would need to be sure to include the same assumptions with respect to the losses and definition of ideal temperature.

1 eV is ~ 11604.5 K, 1 keV ~ 11604500 K
One can refer to NIST values/constants
https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cu...=ev&To=k&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor
 
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Ideal ignition corresponds to the condition of steady state power balance in the plasma
assuming negligible heat conduction losses and no external heating, considering only Bremsstrahlung losses. Therefore, no losses transport losses due to heat conduction which are normally quantified by ##S_{th}=3nT##.
 

FAQ: Calculation of ideal ignition temperature for a D-T fusion reaction

What is the ideal ignition temperature for a D-T fusion reaction?

The ideal ignition temperature for a Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is approximately 100 million Kelvin (100 MK). At this temperature, the kinetic energy of the nuclei is sufficient to overcome the Coulomb barrier, allowing the fusion process to occur efficiently.

Why is such a high temperature required for D-T fusion?

A high temperature is required for D-T fusion because the positively charged nuclei must overcome their electrostatic repulsion (Coulomb barrier) to get close enough for the strong nuclear force to take effect and fuse them together. At around 100 million Kelvin, the thermal kinetic energy of the particles is high enough to make this possible.

How is the ignition temperature for D-T fusion calculated?

The ignition temperature for D-T fusion is calculated using principles from plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion theory. The Lawson criterion, which involves the product of the plasma density, confinement time, and temperature, is often used. Detailed calculations consider the balance between energy input, energy losses, and the rate of fusion reactions.

What are the main challenges in achieving the ideal ignition temperature for D-T fusion in a laboratory setting?

The main challenges include achieving and maintaining the extremely high temperatures required, confining the hot plasma long enough for significant fusion to occur, and handling the intense neutron radiation produced by the fusion reactions. Advanced magnetic confinement (e.g., tokamaks) and inertial confinement techniques are being developed to address these challenges.

Are there any alternatives to achieving the ideal ignition temperature for D-T fusion?

Alternatives to achieving the ideal ignition temperature include using advanced confinement methods like magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Additionally, some research explores using catalysts or alternative fusion fuels that might require lower ignition temperatures, though these are currently less developed compared to D-T fusion.

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