Can someone please explain this simple harmonic motion equation for me?

In summary, the conversation is about understanding an equation related to simple harmonic motion (SHM). The equation is derived from Newton's 2nd law for a spring obeying Hooke's law. The variables x, dx/dt, and dv/dt represent displacement, velocity, and acceleration respectively. The equation states that the force exerted by the spring (F) is proportional to the displacement (x) and is in the opposite direction, with the constant of proportionality being represented by k. The equilibrium position (x=0) is also mentioned as a point of reference for displacement.
  • #1
nukeman
655
0

Homework Statement



This is not a homework question, as we just started getting into SHM, and I want to be 100% clear what this equation means.

Can someone please all the parts, or have a site that really explains this formula?


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Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


 
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  • #2
Do you know what x is?
Do you know what is meant by dx/dt ?
Do you know what is meant by dv/dt ?
 
  • #3
technician said:
Do you know what x is?
Do you know what is meant by dx/dt ?
Do you know what is meant by dv/dt ?


No not really. I am looking for a clear explanation of what these all mean.

Thanks!
 
  • #4
Is x the x = 0 equilibrium position?
 
  • #5
nukeman said:
Is x the x = 0 equilibrium position?
Yes.

You can think of that equation as an application of Newton's 2nd law for a force obeying Hooke's law.
 
  • #6
The second derivative of position wrt time is the same as acceleration, so all this equation is saying is ma = -kx, which means that F = -kx, which is Hooke's Law. To understand what this means you first need to know what x is defined to be. It usually means displacement from the equilibrium position of the spring. Also, "F" usually means the force exerted by the spring. If we ignore the "-k" for a second, we see that the Force is proportional to displacement, which means the more the displacement of the mass, the larger the Force exerted by the spring. The "k" is the constant of proportionality and the minus sign indicates that the direction of the force is opposite to that of the displacement (i.e if you pull the mass to the right, the spring tends to pull it back to the left, which makes sense intuitively).
 

Related to Can someone please explain this simple harmonic motion equation for me?

1. What is the simple harmonic motion equation?

The simple harmonic motion equation is a mathematical representation of the motion of an object that follows a repetitive pattern in which the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position.

2. How is the simple harmonic motion equation written?

The equation is typically written as x(t) = A sin(ωt + φ), where x is the displacement from the equilibrium position, t is time, A is the amplitude (maximum displacement), ω is the angular frequency (related to the period of the motion), and φ is the phase angle (determines the starting point of the motion).

3. What does the term "restoring force" mean in the simple harmonic motion equation?

The restoring force is the force that acts on the object to bring it back towards the equilibrium position when it is displaced. In simple harmonic motion, this force is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position.

4. How is the simple harmonic motion equation related to real-world examples?

The simple harmonic motion equation can be used to model various real-world phenomena such as the motion of a pendulum, the vibration of a guitar string, or the oscillation of a spring. It helps in understanding and predicting the behavior of these systems.

5. Can you explain the terms "amplitude," "angular frequency," and "phase angle" in the simple harmonic motion equation?

The amplitude is the maximum displacement of the object from the equilibrium position. The angular frequency is a measure of how quickly the object oscillates, and it is related to the period of the motion. The phase angle determines the starting point of the motion and can affect the shape and timing of the oscillations.

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