Can you solve this week's POTW #474: Four real numbers with unique permutations?

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In summary, POTW #474 is a weekly problem presented by a mathematical or scientific community for individuals to solve. Real numbers, which can be represented on a number line, are important in this problem as the solution involves creating unique permutations using real numbers. Unique permutations refer to a specific arrangement or ordering of a set of numbers or objects, and there is no specific method or formula for solving this problem. A general approach could involve starting with a set of four real numbers, rearranging them in different ways, and checking for unique permutations until a solution is found.
  • #1
anemone
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Four real numbers $p,\,q,\,r,\,s$ satisfy the equations $p+q+r+s=9$ and $p^2+q^2+r^2+s^2=21$. Prove that there exists a permutation $(a,\,b,\,c,\,d)$ of $(p,\,q,\,r,\,s)$ such that $ab-cd\ge 2$.

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  • #2
No one answer POTW#474.

However, you can refer to the suggested solution as follows:

WLOG, let $a\ge b \ge c \ge d$. Assume that max ${ab,\,ac,\,ad.\,cb,\,cd,\,bd}=ab$ and assume on the contrary that $ab<cd+2$.

Since $ab+ac+ad+cb+cd+bd=\dfrac{(a+b+c+d)^2-(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2)}{2}=30$, $ab+ac+ad+cb+cd+bd=60$. Hence $ab\ge 10$. In particular, this means $2+cd>10$, which gives $cd>8>0$. By the AM-GM inequality,

$8^2<(cd)^2\le abcd \le \left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{4}\right)^2$

This implies $32^2<21^2$, which is clearly false.

That suggest $ab-cd>2$ is true.
 

FAQ: Can you solve this week's POTW #474: Four real numbers with unique permutations?

What is the POTW #474?

The POTW #474 is a weekly mathematical challenge posted by the website "The Art of Problem Solving". It stands for "Problem of the Week #474".

What are real numbers?

Real numbers are numbers that can be represented on a number line and include both rational and irrational numbers. They can be positive, negative, or zero.

What is a permutation?

A permutation is an arrangement of a set of objects in a specific order. In this problem, the four real numbers are arranged in different orders to create unique permutations.

How many unique permutations can be created with four real numbers?

There are 24 unique permutations that can be created with four real numbers. This is because there are 4! (4 factorial) ways to arrange the numbers.

How can I solve this week's POTW #474?

To solve this problem, you will need to find four real numbers that have unique permutations when arranged in different orders. You can use trial and error, or try to find a pattern to make the process easier.

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