The concept of capacitors in series is when two or more capacitors are connected end-to-end, with one terminal of each capacitor connected to the other. This means that the positive terminal of one capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of another capacitor. This creates a single equivalent capacitor with a capacitance value that is equal to the sum of the individual capacitors.
When capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is decreased. This is because the equivalent capacitance is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of each individual capacitance. In simpler terms, when capacitors are connected in series, the total capacitance is less than the smallest individual capacitance.
In capacitors in series, the total charge remains the same on each capacitor. However, the charge distribution among the capacitors is different. The capacitor with the largest capacitance will have the least amount of charge, while the capacitor with the smallest capacitance will have the most amount of charge.
In capacitors in series, the voltage is divided among the capacitors in proportion to their capacitance values. This means that the capacitor with the largest capacitance will have the largest voltage drop, while the capacitor with the smallest capacitance will have the smallest voltage drop. The sum of the voltage drops across each capacitor will equal the total voltage applied.
The formula for calculating the equivalent capacitance of capacitors in series is: 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + ... + 1/Cn, where Ceq is the equivalent capacitance and C1, C2, C3, and so on represent the individual capacitance values. Alternatively, the formula can be written as: Ceq = (C1 * C2 * C3 * ... * Cn) / (C1 + C2 + C3 + ... + Cn).