How to Determine Temperature Difference Between Two Stars Using Spectral Lines?

In summary, determining the temperature difference between two stars can be achieved by analyzing their spectral lines. By measuring the intensity and position of these lines, astronomers can identify the elements present and their ionization states. The ratio of specific spectral lines, particularly those of ionized and neutral elements, provides insight into the stars' temperatures. The application of the Boltzmann equation allows for the calculation of the effective temperature of each star, enabling a comparison of their thermal states based on the differences in spectral line characteristics.
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TL;DR Summary: A weak spectral line connecting levels in neutral iron has been observed for a number of solar-type stars.
Its lower level has an excitation energy of 2 eV. If the line’s equivalent width is twice as large for star A
as for star B, how great is the difference in temperature (in the layers where the line is formed) between
the two stars? Assume that no hydrogen is ionized, nearly all iron is singly ionized, H− is responsible for
all the continuous opacity, the partition functions are independent

A weak spectral line connecting levels in neutral iron has been observed for a number of solar-type stars.
Its lower level has an excitation energy of 2 eV. If the line’s equivalent width is twice as large for star A
as for star B, how great is the difference in temperature (in the layers where the line is formed) between
the two stars? Assume that no hydrogen is ionized, nearly all iron is singly ionized, H− is responsible for
all the continuous opacity, the partition functions are independent of temperature, and both stars have the
same iron abundance. The dissociation energy of H− is 0.75 eV.

Solution:
Let the temperature difference be dT = T_A - T_B.
Set x = T_A/T_B and dW_A = 2dW_B (by using both the Boltzmann equation and the Saha equation) we get (after some long derivation):
2 = x^{3/2}*e* {((2 eV)/(k*T_B))*(x-1)}.

Finally, if we take natural logarithm on both sides, we obtain:
ln(2) = (3/2)*ln(x) + (2 eV/(k*T_B))*(x-1). But from this step i am stuck what to do, how i am suppose to find x, or have I used wrong method on this exericise?
 
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FAQ: How to Determine Temperature Difference Between Two Stars Using Spectral Lines?

What are spectral lines and how are they used to determine the temperature of a star?

Spectral lines are specific wavelengths of light that are absorbed or emitted by elements in a star's atmosphere. By analyzing these lines, scientists can determine various properties of the star, including its temperature. Different elements absorb and emit light at specific wavelengths, and the intensity and presence of these lines can provide clues about the star's temperature.

What is the role of Wien's Law in determining the temperature difference between two stars?

Wien's Law states that the peak wavelength of a star's emitted light is inversely proportional to its temperature. By identifying the peak wavelengths in the spectra of two stars, scientists can calculate their temperatures. The temperature difference can then be determined by comparing these calculated temperatures.

How do Balmer lines help in determining the temperature of a star?

Balmer lines are specific spectral lines associated with hydrogen. The strength and presence of these lines vary with temperature. In hotter stars, Balmer lines are stronger and more prominent, while in cooler stars, they are weaker. By analyzing the Balmer lines in the spectra of two stars, scientists can estimate their temperatures and thus determine the temperature difference between them.

What is the significance of the spectral classification system in determining temperature differences between stars?

The spectral classification system categorizes stars based on their spectral characteristics, which are closely related to their temperatures. By classifying two stars into spectral types (e.g., O, B, A, F, G, K, M), scientists can infer their temperatures. The difference in spectral types can give an indication of the temperature difference between the stars.

Can the Doppler effect influence the determination of temperature difference between two stars?

The Doppler effect can shift the spectral lines of a star due to its motion relative to the observer. While this shift affects the observed wavelengths, it does not change the intrinsic properties of the spectral lines used to determine temperature. Scientists account for the Doppler shift when analyzing spectra, ensuring that temperature differences calculated between stars remain accurate.

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