Reference 92 is Weinberg & Witten 1980, reference 93 is a talk by Zohar Komargodski at the same meeting.It had long been thought that composite gauge bosons were impossible [92, 93], but then along came an explicit supersymmetric example with an SU(4) gauge group and 6 ([itex]4[/itex] + [itex]\bar{4}[/itex]) multiplet pairs, which yielded an SU(2) composite gauge theory with 12 [itex]2[/itex] fermions and 32 singlet scalars in the infrared limit. This behaviour was initially a puzzle, although consistent with the 4-dimensional c-theorem. However, it is now known to be just one example of a strong-weak duality whose proof involves an abstruse relationship between elliptic hypergeometric Gamma functions and q-Pochhammer symbols (!) that the mathematicians have only recently discovered. It has been suggested that some deformation of this construction might be applicable to the ρ meson of QCD [93] - it has long been known that vector meson dominance requires an effective dynamical local symmetry. Or perhaps this construction would be interesting in dynamical models of electroweak symmetry breaking? Might the gauge bosons of the SM actually be composite?
Composite gauge bosons are particles that are made up of other, smaller particles. In the context of supersymmetric SU(4), these composite gauge bosons are formed from the combination of four different superpartners, each associated with the fundamental forces of nature.
The SU(4) example of composite gauge bosons is particularly interesting because it is a manifestation of supersymmetry, a theoretical framework that proposes a deeper connection between particles with different properties. This example provides insight into the potential underlying symmetry of the universe.
Composite gauge bosons are different from elementary gauge bosons in that they are made up of smaller particles, while elementary gauge bosons are considered to be fundamental particles. Additionally, composite gauge bosons exhibit different properties and behaviors compared to elementary gauge bosons.
Studying composite gauge bosons can help us better understand the fundamental forces of nature and their underlying symmetries. This knowledge can potentially lead to the development of new theories and technologies, such as improved energy production and quantum computing.
Composite gauge bosons are being studied and observed through experiments using high-energy particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. By colliding particles at high speeds, scientists can observe the behavior and properties of these composite particles and gather data to support or disprove theoretical models.