Computer Graphics: Finding the position of a lightpen on the face of a CRT

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  • Thread starter Crystal037
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In summary, the equation for time lag is: (1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(1024-x)/1024 ->for lightpen to complete the horizontal trace+ (1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(1/10) -> for horizontal retrace+(1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(x1)/1024 -> for lightpen to move to the horizontal coordinate
  • #1
Crystal037
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Homework Statement
Suppose that a CRT has a square face of 40X40 centimeters and is refreshed in a noninterlaced manner at a rate of 60Hz. Ten percent of the time that the system takes to draw each scan line is used to return the CRT beam from the right edge to the left edge of the screen ( the horizontal-retrace time), and 10 percent of the total drawing time is allocated for the beam to return from the lower-right corner of the screen to the upper-left corner after each refresh is complete (the vertical -retrace time). Assume that the resolution of the display is 1024X1024. Find the relationship between the time at which a lightpen detects the beam and the lightpen's position. Give the results using both centimeters and screen coordinates for the location on the screen
Relevant Equations
time taken for 1 frame to be display = 1/60 sec
time taken for 1 horizontal line to be displayed=(1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024) ->as 10 percent is used for vertical retrace
time taken for 1 pixel to be displayed= (1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(90/100)*(1/1024) -> as 10 percent is used for horizontal retrace
This is how I am approaching the problem
let the lightpen be at a position (x,y) and the position to be plotted(x1,y1)
The the time lag =
(1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(1024-x)/1024 ->for lightpen to complete the horizontal trace
+ (1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(1/10) -> for horizontal retrace
+(1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(x1)/1024 -> for lightpen to move to the horizontal coordinate of position detected
+ (1/60)*(90/100)*(1/1024)*(1024-y)/(1024) -> for lightpen to complete vertical trace
+ (1/60)*(1/10) -> for vertical retrace
+ (1/60)*(90/100)*(y1/1024) -> for lightpen to move to the vertical coordinate of position detected

In the above equation what if the light pen is in the middle of retracing. I am not able to include that case in my equation.
The relationship in terms of screen coordinates, will it be (y1-y) and (x1-x).
I am not getting how am I supposed to approach this problem
 
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  • #2
When is time zero?
Is it when the pixel( 0, 0) is displayed.
 
  • #3
Baluncore said:
When is time zero?
Is it when the pixel( 0, 0) is displayed.
Yes I think so but does it matter when we are trying to find the relationship between the time at which a lightpen detects the beam and the lightpen's position.
 
  • #4
It may not matter, but it must be defined somewhere. A wise choice may make the process easier.
 
  • #5
Can you see the (few) retrace lines on the screen>
 
  • #6
Tom.G said:
Can you see the (few) retrace lines on the screen>
I believe this is a hypothetical problem.
 
  • #7
Crystal037 said:
I am not getting how am I supposed to approach this problem
Much more simply!

If the light pen is at position (x, y) it detects the beam when the point (x, y) is plotted. This happens when the beam has plotted every row less than y and every pixel in the row y before x.

Baluncore said:
When is time zero?
Is it when the pixel( 0, 0) is displayed.
We can fix our time base by calling the time when the beam starts in the top left corner ## t_0 ##. The answer will be in the form ## t_{x,y} = t_0 + a x + b y + c ##.
 

FAQ: Computer Graphics: Finding the position of a lightpen on the face of a CRT

What is a lightpen and how does it work with a CRT?

A lightpen is an input device that allows users to interact directly with the display screen of a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitor. It works by detecting the light emitted from the screen when the electron beam scans the phosphor coating on the inside of the CRT. When the lightpen is pointed at the screen, it detects the light and sends a signal to the computer, allowing it to determine the exact position where the pen is pointing.

How does a CRT monitor display images?

A CRT monitor displays images by directing an electron beam onto a phosphor-coated screen. The screen is divided into a grid of tiny phosphor dots, each of which glows when struck by the electron beam. By controlling the intensity and position of the electron beam, the CRT can create images by illuminating the appropriate phosphor dots in a precise pattern, creating the desired visual output.

How is the position of the lightpen determined on a CRT screen?

The position of the lightpen on a CRT screen is determined by timing the interval between the start of the electron beam scan and the moment the lightpen detects the light. The CRT screen is scanned in a systematic manner, typically from left to right and top to bottom. By measuring the time elapsed since the beginning of the scan, the computer can calculate the exact coordinates (X, Y) of the lightpen on the screen.

What are the challenges in accurately detecting the lightpen position?

Several challenges can affect the accuracy of lightpen position detection on a CRT screen. These include the timing precision required to match the scanning process, the sensitivity of the lightpen to the emitted light, and potential interference from ambient light sources. Additionally, the refresh rate of the CRT and the speed at which the electron beam scans the screen can also impact the accuracy and responsiveness of the lightpen.

Are lightpens still used with modern displays?

Lightpens are not commonly used with modern displays, primarily because contemporary screens, such as LCDs and OLEDs, do not operate in the same way as CRTs and do not emit light in a manner that lightpens can detect. Modern touchscreens and other input devices have largely replaced lightpens, offering more intuitive and versatile ways to interact with digital displays.

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