Conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation

In summary: However, this does not necessarily mean that ##\delta L=0##, but rather ##\delta L=\frac{d F(\vec{r},t)}{dt}##. This leads to the conclusion that additional conditions must be imposed on the Lagrangian in order to derive angular momentum conservation. For example, for the concrete Lagrangian ##L=\sum \frac{1}{2}mv^2-U(\vec{r},\dots)##, we do get ##F(\vec{r},t)=const##, but for a general Lagrangian, this is not guaranteed. This also applies to special relativity mechanics.
  • #1
facenian
436
25
Let ##L(\vec{r},\dot{\vec{r}})## be the lagrangian function, usually to get angular momentum conservation one impose ##\delta L=0## and form there we get ##\sum \vec{r}\wedge m\vec{v}=const##. There is however a conceptual problem with this procedure related to the fact that invariance under rotation does not necesarily means ##\delta L=0## but more generally ##\delta L=\frac{d F(\vec{r},t)}{dt}## and this gives
$$ \sum \vec{r}\wedge m\vec{v}=F(\vec{r},t)$$
It seems that for a general lagrangian we can't derive angular momentum conservation unless additional hypotheses are introduced concerning the form of the lagrangian function. For instance if we work with the concrete lagrangian ##L=\sum \frac{1}{2}mv^2-U(\vec{r},\dots)## we do get ##F(\vec{r},t)=const##, however for a general lagrangian, as I said before, we don't know. All this also applies to special relativity mechanics.
I would appreciate any comments.
 
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  • #2
Angular momentum is conserved in closed systems only if all external forces have a radial symmetry.
 
  • #3
mfb said:
Angular momentum is conserved in closed systems only if all external forces have a radial symmetry.

Yes, and this amounts to imposing additional conditions on the lagrangian function, so my question remains unanswered. Is it possible to obtain angular momentum conservation from the symmetry principle of Lorentz(or Galilean) invariance without any additional condition on the lagrangian?

The problem with the usual derivation stems from imposing ##\delta L=0## instead of the more general invariance condition ##\delta L=\frac{d F}{dt}##
 
  • #4
The Lagrangian has to be invariant under rotation (otherwise your system does not follow the right symmetry and there is no reason to assume conserved angular momentum), which is exactly the condition given above.
 

FAQ: Conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation

1. What is angular momentum conservation?

Angular momentum conservation is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total angular momentum of a system remains constant in the absence of external torques. This means that the amount of rotational motion in a closed system does not change over time.

2. Why is angular momentum conservation important?

Angular momentum conservation is important because it helps us understand and predict the behavior of rotating systems, such as planets, stars, and molecules. It also plays a crucial role in various engineering applications, such as the design of spacecraft and turbines.

3. What is a conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation?

A conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation arises when there is a change in the distribution of mass within a system, without any external torques acting on it. This can cause the system to experience a change in its angular momentum, which seems to contradict the principle of conservation.

4. How is the conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation resolved?

The conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation is resolved by taking into account the internal torques that arise due to the change in mass distribution. These internal torques are often overlooked, but they play a crucial role in maintaining the overall conservation of angular momentum in a system.

5. Can angular momentum conservation be violated?

No, angular momentum conservation is a fundamental law of physics and cannot be violated. However, the conceptual problem with angular momentum conservation may make it seem like it is being violated in certain situations. In reality, the change in angular momentum can always be explained by considering all the internal and external torques acting on the system.

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