A conducting sphere is a spherical object made of a material that allows electricity to flow through it easily. This can include metals such as copper, gold, and silver.
A uniform conducting sphere has the same charge density (amount of charge per unit area) on its surface, while a non-uniform conducting sphere has varying charge density on its surface. This can be due to irregularities in the shape or composition of the sphere.
Gauss's Law states that the electric flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed by that surface divided by the permittivity of free space. In the case of a conducting sphere, the electric field inside the sphere is zero, and the electric flux through any closed surface enclosing the sphere is equal to the charge on the sphere divided by the permittivity of free space.
Inside a uniform conducting sphere, the electric field is zero. This is because the charges on the surface of the sphere repel each other and distribute themselves evenly, creating a canceling effect on the electric field inside the sphere.
The charge distribution on a non-uniform conducting sphere can affect the electric field outside the sphere. If the sphere has a higher charge density in certain areas, the electric field will be stronger in those regions. This can also cause the electric field lines to be uneven and non-uniform.